eXoDOSE
Patient Effective Dose
Calculation Software Package

Developed by N.A. Gkanatsios and W. Huda

Computes Patient Doses for
Computed Tomography Applications

The effective dose is the best indicator of the amount of radiation received by patients undergoing diagnostic examinations which use ionizing radiation. The effective dose is currently used by radiologic professionals, the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP), the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP), and regulatory agencies (e.g., Nuclear Regulatory Commission). The major problem with the effective dose parameter is the (perceived) difficulty in its determination in a routine setting.

In CT dosimetry, the practical problem of determining the effective dose via the use of energy imparted has been solved using this innovative new software program. Energy imparted may be computed for all CT scans without any direct radiation measurements, and used to determine the corresponding patient effective dose. The methods permits computation of effective doses for pediatric and newborn patients, as well as patients who are bigger or smaller than Reference Man. Effective doses to the "extremities" may also me obtained.

eXoDOSE Software Can Compute the Patient Effective Dose for:

	Multisequenced axial CT scans, single or multiple helical scans, combined axial and helical scans.
	Any type of CT examination: head, chest, abdomen, pelvis, extremity, spiral or continuous CT examinations.
	Any CT scanner marketed in North America.

	Individuals of any age from newborn to adult.
	Patients of any size.

Effective Doses Computed by eXoDOSE Can Be Used to Compare CT Dose with:

	Patient doses from other radiologic examinations.
	Natural background.
	Regulatory dose limits.

Effective Doses Computed by eXoDOSE Can Be Used for:

	Institutional Review Board (IRB) submissions.
	Informed consent forms and patient protocols.
	Documenting patient doses (e.g., JCAHO).
	Studies of patient dose and image quality.
	Development of CT protocols which minimize patient dose.

Ideal for Use by:

	Physicists
	Radiologists
	Technologists
	Regulators/Inspectors
	Medical Health Physicists
	Manufacturers

Pricing and Distribution

	The eXoDOSE CT software package is expected to sell for about US$100.00.
	eXoDOSE is expected to be available to the public after the 1998 RSNA show.
	Nuclear Associates is the sole distributor of eXoDOSE in the United States.

Important References Describing the Methodology and Clinical Relevance of eXoDOSE

	Atherton JV, Huda W. "Energy imparted and effective dose in computed tomography." Medical Physics 23: 735-741 (1996).
	Huda W, atherton JV. "Energy imparted in computed tomography." Medical Physics 22: 1263-1269 (1995).
	Huda W, Atherton JV, Ware DE, Cumming WA. "An approach for the estimation of effective radiation doses at CT in pediatric patients." Radiology 203: 417-422 (1997).
	Gkanatsios NA, Huda W. "Computation of energy imparted in diagnostic radiology." Medical Physics 24: 571-579 (1997).

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eXoDOSE Patient Effective Dose Calculation Software Package

Computes Patient Doses for Computed Tomography Applications