alphabet        
      series of visual symbols = elementary sounds.        
      can be combined = any + every sound        
      semiotics =        

      hundreds + thousands of signs can be replaced by 20-30        
      great simplification        
      roman alphabet = 26 letters + 10 numerals        
               
             
      codified language        
      defined tradition and a sense of belonging and being a special group
      [ comparative alphabets ]       
              

      alphabet 2