introduction | social context | religion | manuscripts | printing: development
            implications | resources [ course notes | course main | home ]

            additional notes in this section > [ 6 ]  [ 3 ]
             

        religion

        time of crusades
        holy roman empire strongest in europe
        papacy strong in determining relgion + thought


        monasteries
        christian monasteries became the center of
        culture, education and intellectual life

          self-supporting communities
          artisans employed as lay people

        sacred religious writings

          copied by clerics
          religious duty
          homage/service to God
        propaganda = propogation of a given doctrine
        psalter = a collection of psalms for liturgical or devotional use

        illuminated manuscripts
        preservation of knowledge included making illuminated manuscripts
        handwritten books embellished with gold and silver

          illustrations = educational value
          manuscripts = portability

          used textura script
          conservative, reluctant to change

          example: papal curial hand
          employed by papacy through 12th
          difficult to read, limited to clergy
          used papyrus instead of paper
          purposely limited audience

        development of bourgeosie class [middle class of merchants]
        innovations came from towns, not monasteries

        late 13th c
        number of towns grew rapidly
        moneyed economy becoming more important
        schools in towns to educate children

        common gothic style adopted in architecture + later in scripts
        more vertical, angular than earlier textura