--Prof. Malavet
September 1998
Preliminary Subtitle. Preliminary Provisions
§ 1 Title
§ 2 Ignorance Of Law
§ 3 Retroactive Effect Of Laws
§ 4 Acts Contrary To Law; Renunciation Of Legal Right
§ 5 Repeal Of Laws
§ 6 Express Or Implied Repeal; Repeal Of Repealing Act
§ 7 Refusal Of Court To Render Decision; Application Of Equity In Absence Of Statute
§ 8 Months, Days, And Nights Defined
§ 9 Law Governing Family Rights And Status Of Persons
§ 10 Personal And Real Property
§ 11 Contracts, Wills, And Other Public Instruments
§ 12 Deficiencies In Special Laws
§ 13 Discrepancy Between Spanish And English Texts
§ 14 Letter Of Law Observed If Free From Ambiguity
§ 15 General And Popular Use Of Words
§ 16 Technical Terms And Phrases
§ 17 Dubious Words
§ 18 Laws Referring To Same Matter
§ 19 Reason, Spirit, And Motives Of Law
§ 20 Laws Declaring Acts Void
§ 21 Distinction Of Laws As Odious Or Favorable
§ 22 Civil Laws Applied Without Distinction
§ 23 Puerto Rico Defined
Subtitle 1 Persons
Part I Distinction Of Persons
Chapter 11 Natural Persons
§ 81 Personality And Capacity -- Determined By Birth; When Born
§ 82 Extinguished By Death; Restrictions On Civil Capacity
§ 83 Determination Of Priority Of Death
Chapter 13 Artificial Persons
§ 101 Artificial Persons--Defined
§ 102 Law Governing
§ 103 Civil Status
§ 104 Powers Of Artificial Persons
§ 105 Property Of Extinct Corporations
Part II Absence
Chapter 19 Provisional Measures In Case Of Absence
§ 131 Appointment Of Administrator
§ 132 Preference In Appointment
§ 133 Oath Of Administrator
§ 134 Inventory; Security
§ 135 Sale Or Encumbrance Of Property Forbidden; Liability And Compensation Of Administrator
§ 136 Administrator As Legal Representative
§ 137 Termination Of Administration
§ 138 Sale Of Property Ten Years After Disappearance
§ 139 Annual Accounts
§ 140 Final Account
§ 141 Suits Against Absentees
Chapter 21 Provisional Possession Of Property Of Absentee
§ 151 Provisional Possession By Heirs After Five Years
§ 152 Seven Years In Case Of Power Of Attorney
§ 153 Expiration Of Power Of Attorney
§ 154 Presumption Of Death Of Absentee
§ 155 Action On Petition For Provisional Possession
§ 156 Action Upon Will Of Absentee
§ 157 Universal Heir Preferred
§ 158 Rights Of Husband Or Wife Of Absentee
§ 159 Nature Of Provisional Possession; Security
§ 160 Inventory, Sale, And Investment Of Personal Property
§ 161 Report On Condition Of Real Property
§ 162 Return Of Property To Absentee
§ 163 Alienation Or Encumbrance Of Real Property
§ 164 Declaration That Absentee Presumed Dead
§ 165 Effective Date
§ 166 Discharge Of Securities And Distribution Of Estate
§ 167 Appearance Or Proof Of Existence Of Absentee During Provisional Possession
§ 168 After Absolute Possession
§ 169 Petition For Restitution By Descendants
§ 170 Assertion Of Rights Against Absentee
Chapter 23 Effects Of Absence Upon Eventual Rights Of Absentee
§ 181 Proof Of Rights Accruing To Person Not Known To Exist
§ 182 Share Of Absentee In Succession
§ 183 Actions Petitioning Inheritance Or Other Rights; Registry Of Real Property
§ 184 Disposition Of Income Or Products Of Estate
Chapter 25 Effects Of Absence Respecting Marriage
§ 201 Remarriage By Spouse Of Absentee, And By Absentee After Reappearance
Part III Marriage
Chapter 29 Nature Of Marriage
§ 221 Definition, Validity, And Dissolution Of Marriage Chapter 31 Requisites Necessary To Contract Marriage
§ 231 Requisites For Validity
§ 232 Capacity--Incapacity To Contract Marriage
§ 232a Time For Contracting New Marriage
§ 233 Impediments To Contract
§ 234 Waiver Of Consanguinity
§ 235 Persons Suffering From Disease -- Marriage Prohibited; Annulment
§ 236 Medical Certificates Required For Marriage Certificate Or License
§ 237 Proof Of Identity Of Applicant For Medical Certificate
§ 238 Penalty For Contracting Marriage
§ 239 Penalty For Issuance Of False Medical Certificate
§ 240 Penalty For Issuance Of Marriage License Without Medical Certificate; Exceptions
§ 241 When Consent Not Valid
§ 242 Consent For Minors
§ 243 Authorization And Celebration Of Marriage Who May Celebrate
§ 244 Application And Examination; Oaths
§ 245 When Marriage Not To Be Celebrated; Minors
§ 246-248 [Omitted.]
§ 247 Record Of Documents
§ 248 Recording Free Of Charge
§ 249 Fees Of Judge Or Justice
§ 250 Penalty For False Declaration
§ 251, 252 [Omitted]
§ 252 Forms For Marriage Certificates
§ 253 Marriage By Mandate Through Special Power Of Attorney
§ 254 Medical Certificate
§ 255 Execution Of Power Of Attorney
§ 256 Contents Of Power Of Attorney
§ 257 Verification Or Approval
§ 258 Power Of Attorney To Be Protocolized And Registered
§ 259 Medical Certificate Of Contracting Party; Marriage License
§ 260 Register Of Such Marriages
§ 261 Revocation Of Mandate
§ 262 Copies Of Law For Armed Forces; Model Forms
§ 263 Proof Of Marriage
§ 264 --Means Of Proof
§ 265 --Contracted In United States Or Foreign Country
Chapter 33 Rights And Duties Between Married Persons
§ 281 Cohabitation, Fidelity, And Assistance
§ 282 Duties Of Spouses--Protection
§ 283 --Domicile
§ 284 Administrator Of Community Property; Alienation Of Property
§ 285 Separate Estates
§ 286 Representative Of Conjugal Community
§ 287 Repealed. Act July 9, 1985, No. 93, P. 297, Eff. July 9, 1985
Chapter 35 Dissolution Of Marriage
§ 301 How Dissolution Effected
Part IV Divorce
Chapter 39 Causes For Divorce
§ 321 Causes For Divorce
Chapter 41 Procedure In Action For Divorce
§ 331 Procedure
Chapter 43 Provisional Measures To Which A Suit For Divorce May Give Occasion
§ 341 Custody Of Children
§ 342 Residence
§ 343 Payment Of Alimony
§ 344 Debts Contracted After Complaint Is Brought
§ 345 Decisions Not Appealable; Amendment
Chapter 45 Extinction Of The Action For Divorce
§ 361 Reconciliation
§ 362 Rights Of Plaintiff In New Suit
Chapter 47 Effects Of Divorce
§ 381 Dissolution Of Marriage And Division Of Property
§ 382 Repealed. Act July 20, 1979, No. 129, P. 312, Eff. July 20, 1979
§ 383 Care Of Minor Children After Divorce
§ 384 Rights Of Children
§ 385 Alimony
Part V Nullity Of Marriage
Chapter 51 Improperly Contracted Marriage
§ 411 When Marriage Void
§ 412 Right To Bring Action For Annulment
§ 412a Civil Effects Of Annulled Marriage
Part VI Paternity And Filiation
Chapter 57 Children Generally
§ 441 Equality Of Rights Of Children
§ 442 Status Of Children
Chapter 59 Legitimate Children
§ 461 Definition; Proof Against Legitimacy
§ 462 Child Born Within 180 Days After Marriage
§ 463 Child Born Over 300 Days After Dissolution Of Marriage
§ 464 Who Can Dispute Legitimacy
§ 465 Limitation Of Action To Contest Legitimacy
§ 466 Rights Of Legitimate Children
Chapter 61 Legitimatized Children
§ 481 Children Who May Be Legitimated
§ 482 Legitimation By Marriage Of Parents
§ 483 Rights Of Legitimatized Children
§ 484 Effective Date Of Legitimation
§ 485 Children Dying Prior To Legitimation.
§ 486 Dispute Of Legitimation By Third Parties
Chapter 63 Illegitimate Children
§ 501 Natural Children--Born After 1942
§ 502 --Born Prior To 1942; Recognition
§ 503 --Proof Of Recognition
§ 504 Recognition Of Natural Child
§ 505 Limitation Of Action For Recognition
§ 506 Rights Of Recognized Natural Child
§ 507 Right Of Illegitimate Children To Support
§ 508 --When Enforceable
§§ 509-514 Repealed. May 16, 1966, No. 9, P. 125, @ 1, Eff. May 16, 1966.
Chapter 65 Adoption
§ 531 Qualifications Of Adopter
§ 532 Number Of Adopters; Spouses; Adoption Of Child Of Spouse
§ 533 Parties As Legitimate Child And Parent
§ 534 Rights, Duties, And Obligations Between Adoptee And Natural Family
§ 535 Names Of Adoptee
§ 536 Consent For Adoption
§ 537 Adoption Of Ward By Guardian
§ 538 Adoption Of More Than One Person
§ 539 Adoptions Prior To 1953; Petition To Be Governed By New Provisions
Part VII Support Relations
Chapter 71 Rights And Duties To Support
§ 561 Support Defined
§ 562 Persons Obliged To Support Each Other
§ 563 Priority Of Claims For Support
§ 564 Support By Or For Two Or More Persons
§ 565 Amount Of Support
§ 566 Beginning Of Obligation; Time Of Payment
§ 567 Form Of Support
§ 568 End Of Obligation; Waiver, Transfer, Or Set Off
§ 569 Other Causes Ending Obligation
§ 570 Application Of Provisions To Other Cases
Part VIII Patria Potestas
Chapter 75 General Provisions
§ 591 Patria Potestas Over Children
Chapter 77 Effects Of Patria Potestas Upon Persons Of Children
§ 601 Duties And Powers Of Parents
Chapter 79 Effects Of Patria Potestas Upon Property Of Children
§ 611 Administration Of Property
§ 612 Property Acquired By Labor Of Child Or For Valuable Consideration
§ 613 Property Acquired With Capital Of Parents
§ 614 Property Donated Or Left By Will For Education
§ 615 Obligations Of Parents
§ 616 Alienation Or Encumbrance Of Property Prohibited
§ 617 Appointment Of Person To Defend Interests
§ 618 Acknowledged Or Adopted Children
§ 619 Usufruct In Case Of Divorce
Chapter 81 Manner In Which Patria Potestas Ends
§ 631 Termination Of Patria Potestas
§ 632 Dissolution Of Marriage
§ 633 Suspension Of Patria Potestas
§ 634 Termination Or Suspension By Court For Misconduct Part IX Tutorship
Chapter 85 General Provisions
§ 661 Object Of Tutorship
§ 662 Person Subject To Tutorship
§ 663 Single Tutor
§ 664 Renunciation Of Office
§ 665 Care Of Person And Property By Attorneys Or District Attorneys
§ 666 How Tutorship Conferred
§ 667 Registry Of Tutorships
Chapter 87 Testamentary Tutorships
§ 681 Appointment -- Will Of Parents
§ 682 --Person Leaving Inheritance Or Legacy
§ 683 -- Surviving Father Or Mother
§ 684 Several Tutors For Same Person
§ 684a Order Of Preference
Chapter 89 Tutorship By Effect Of The Law
§ 701 Tutorship Of Minors--Who May Exercise
§ 702 -- Orphans Or Abandoned And Handicapped Children
§ 703 Tutorship Of Insane And Deaf And Dumb--Court Decree
§ 704 -- Who May Petition For Decree
§ 705 -- Petition By Prosecuting Attorney; Next Friend
§ 706 --Opinion Of Experts And Other Proof
§ 707 -- Declaration Of Incapacity
§ 708 -- Action Against Final Decree
§ 709 --To Whom Tutorship Belongs
§ 710 Tutorship Of Prodigals And Habitual Drunkards -- Decree
§ 711 -- Who May Petition For Decree
§ 712 -- Contest Of Acts Before And After Petition
§ 713 -- To Whom Tutorship Belongs
§ 714 Tutorship Of Those Under Interdiction -- Demand For Care Of Person And Property
§ 715 -- Limitation Of Tutorship; Duties Of Tutor And Wife
§ 716 -- To Whom Tutorship Belongs
Chapter 91 Dative Tutorships
§ 731 Appointment Of Tutor By Court
Chapter 93 Persons Not Qualified To Act As Tutors And Their Removal
§ 741 Disqualified Persons
§ 742 Removal From Tutorship
§ 743 Hearing Of Tutor Before Removal
§ 744 Finality Of Decree; Filling Of Vacancy
§ 745 Action Pending Decision On Impediment
Chapter 95 Security To Be Given For Tutorship
§ 761 Bond Of Tutor
§ 762 Form Of Bond; Other Measures By Court
§ 763 Amount Of Bond
§ 764 Bond Required Before Entering Upon Duties
§ 765 Record Of Mortgage; Deposit Of Security
§ 766 Increase, Decrease, And Cancellation Of Bond
§ 767 Exemption From Giving Bond
Chapter 97 Exercise Of Tutorship
§ 781 Representation Of Minor, Etc.
§ 782 Duties Of Wards To Tutors
§ 783 Duties Of Tutor
§ 783a Responsibility Of Tutor
§ 784 Credits Of Tutor Against Minor, Renunciation Of
§ 784a Appraisal Of Property -- Procedure
§ 784b -- Property Not Included
§ 785 Allowance For Support
§ 786 Acts Requiring Authorization Of Court
§ 787 Liability Of Tutor For Interest On Capital
§ 788 Procedure For Authorization Of Court
§ 789 Prohibited Acts
§ 790 Right To Remuneration
§ 791 Termination Of Tutorship
Chapter 99 Accounts Of Tutorship
§ 801 Annual Accounts Of Tutors
§ 802 General Account Of Replaced Tutor
§ 803 Account Upon Termination Of Tutorship
§ 804 Term For Approval Of Accounts
§ 805 Necessary Vouchers
§ 806 Expense Of Rendering Accounts
§ 807 Agreements With Tutor
§ 808 Interest On Balance Of Accounts
§ 809 Limitation Of Actions
Chapter 101 Recording Of Tutorships
§ 821 Books In Superior Court
§ 822 Care Of Books; Free Entries
§ 823 Contents Of Entries
§ 824 Note As To Rendition Of Accounts
§ 825 Examination Of Registries
Chapter 103 Special Guardians For Incapacitated Persons Who Receive Aid
§ 841 Appointment By District Court
§ 842 Application; Appointment; Acceptance
§ 843 Qualifications Of Special Guardians
§ 844 Term Of Office; Reports Of Administration
§ 845 Proceedings Free Of Fees
§ 846 Definition
§ 847 Proceedings In Superior Court
Chapter 105 Veterans' Guardianship
§ 861 Definitions
§ 862 Appointment Of Guardian Required By Federal Law Or Regulation
§ 863 Petition For Appointment Of Guardian
§ 864 Evidence Of Necessity For Appointment -- Minor Ward
§ 865 -- Mentally Incompetent Ward
§ 866 Notice Of Filing Of Petition
§ 867 Determination That Appointment Is Proper; Bond Of Guardian
§ 868 Acceptance; Oath Of Office; Recording; Letters Of Tutorship
§ 869 Number Of Wards Limited
§ 870 Accounts; Procedure On Accounts, Petitions, Or Other Pleadings
§ 871 Removal For Failure To Account
§ 872 Compensation
§ 873 Investment Of Funds
§ 874 Support Of Persons Other Than Ward
§ 875 Copies Of Public Records Without Charge
§ 876 Commitment To Veterans' Administration Hospital
§ 877 Discharge Of Guardian Upon Termination Of Disability Of Ward
§ 878 Appearance Of Chief Attorney Of Veterans' Administration In Legal Proceedings
§ 879 Application Of Other Provisions
Part X Emancipation And Majority
Chapter 107 General Provisions
§ 901 Kinds Of Emancipation
Chapter 109 Emancipation By Grant Of Father Or Mother Exercising Patria Potestas
§ 911 Emancipation By Father Or Mother; Declaration; Recording
§ 912 Emancipation By Order Of Court
§ 913 Emancipation Against Will Of Parents
§ 914 Accounts Of Tutorship
§ 915 Capacities Of Emancipated Minor
§ 916 Emancipation Not Revocable
Chapter 111 Emancipation By Marriage
§ 931 Emancipation By Marriage; Restrictions As To Real Property And Loans
§ 932 Appearance In Court
§ 933 Demand For Accounts Of Tutorship
Chapter 113 Judicial Emancipation
§ 951 Emancipation Of Orphan By Judicial Concession
§ 952 Opposition Of Tutor
§ 953 Requirements
§ 954 Records Of Emancipation
§ 955 Scope Of Decree Of Emancipation
Chapter 115 Majority
§ 971 Age Of Majority; Effects
Part XI Registry Of Civil Status
Chapter 119 Generally
§ 981 Acts Relating To Civil Status
§ 982 Contents Of Registry
§ 983 Evidence Of Civil Status
§ 984 Record Of Birth
Subtitle 2 Property Ownership And Its Modifications
Part I Classification Of Property
Chapter 127 General Principles
§ 1021 Property And Things Defined
§ 1022 Common Or Public; Ownership Of
§ 1023 Common Things Defined
§ 1024 Things Of Public Domain
§ 1025 Property Of Public Use; Common Property
§ 1026 Property Of Private Ownership
§ 1027 Corporeal And Incorporeal Things
§ 1028 Incorporeal Things As Movables Or Immovables
§ 1029 Things Divided Into Movables And Immovables
Chapter 129 Immovables
§ 1041 Immovables Defined
§ 1042 Immovables By Nature, Destination, Or Object
§ 1043 What Are Immovables
§ 1044 Incorporeal Things Considered Immovables
Chapter 131 Movables
§ 1061 Movables Defined
§ 1062 Movables By Nature Or By Disposition Of Law
§ 1063 Movables By Nature
§ 1064 Movables By Disposition Of Law
§ 1065 Other Things Considered Movables
§ 1066 Movables As Consumable Or Nonconsumable
§ 1067 Things Corporeal Or Incorporeal Considered Movables
§ 1068 Materials From Demolition Or For Erection Or Repairs Of Buildings
Chapter 133 Property Considered In Relation To Persons To Whom It Belongs
§ 1081 Things In Relation To Their Possessors
§ 1082 Things Not Susceptible Of Ownership
§ 1083 Things Susceptible Of Ownership
§ 1084 Disposal Or Alienation Of Property
§ 1085 Provisions Common To The Three Preceding Chapters -- Scope Of Terms
§ 1086 -- Furniture Defined
§ 1087 -- When Money, Stocks, Credits, Etc., Are Excluded From Transfer
Part II Ownership
Chapter 137 Ownership Generally
§ 1111 Ownership Defined; Rights Conferred
§ 1112 Kinds Of Ownership
§ 1113 Deprivation Of Ownership; Just Compensation
§ 1114 Ownership Vested In Person With Immediate Dominion
§ 1115 Rights Owner Of Parcel Of Ground
§ 1116 Hidden Treasures
§ 1117 Treasure Defined
Chapter 139 The Right Of Accession
Subchapter I Generally
§ 1131 Right Of Accession Inherent In Ownership
Subchapter II Right Of Accession With Respect To What Is Produced By Property
§ 1141 Products Of Property
§ 1142 Natural, Cultivated, And Civil Fruits Defined
§ 1143 Expense Of Production, Etc.
§ 1144 What Considered Natural Or Cultivated Fruits
§ 1145 Fruits Do Not Belong To Simple Possessor
§ 1146 Bona Fide Possessor Defined
Subchapter III Right Of Accession With Respect To Immovables
§ 1161 Buildings And Plantings On Another's Land
§ 1162 Works And Plantings Presumed Made By Owner
§ 1163 Constructions With Another's Material
§ 1164 Rights Of Owner Of Land Built Upon In Good Faith
§ 1165 Bad Faith Of Builder
§ 1166 --Demolition Of Work And Restoration To Former Condition
§ 1167 Bad Faith Of Both Parties
§ 1168 Materials Belonging To Third Person
§ 1169 Augmentation Of River Banks
§ 1170 Land Adjacent To Ponds And Lakes
§ 1171 Transfer Of Land By Current
§ 1172 Trees Carried Away By Current
§ 1173 River Leaving Channel
§ 1174 New Bed Of Navigable River
§ 1175 Islands Formed Through Descending Alluviums
§ 1176 Current Of River Dividing Into Branches
Subchapter IV Right Of Accession With Respect To Movables
§ 1191 Union Of Movable Things Belonging To Different Owners
§ 1192 Principal Thing Defined
§ 1193 Determination By Value Or Volume; Paintings, Etc.
§ 1194 Separation Of United Things
§ 1195 Union In Bad Faith
§ 1196 Form Of Indemnity
§ 1197 Mixture Of Things By Will Of Owners Or By Chance
§ 1198 Mixture In Good Faith; In Bad Faith
§ 1199 Employment Of Another's Materials
Chapter 141 Fixing Of Boundaries And Placing Of Landmarks
§ 1211 Right To Demand Fixing Of Boundaries
§ 1212 Method For Fixing Boundaries
§ 1213 Cases In Which Titles Do Not Specify Boundaries Chapter 143 Right To Enclose Agricultural Lands
§ 1231 Right To Enclose Agricultural Lands
Chapter 145 Unstable Buildings And Trees About To Fall
§ 1241 Demolition Of Building, Etc.
§ 1242 Removal Of Tree
§ 1243 Liability If Building Or Tree Falls
Part III Common Ownership Of Property
Chapter 149 Rights And Duties Of Co-Owners
§ 1271 Property Owned In Common
§ 1272 Shares Of Participants; Presumption Of Equality
§ 1273 Use Of Things Held In Common
§ 1274 Expense Of Preservation
§ 1275 Stories Or Parts Of Stories Of Buildings Belonging To Different Owners
§ 1276 Change In Common Property
§ 1277 Decision Of Majority As To Management
§ 1278 Ownership Of Parts
§ 1279 Division Of Thing Held In Common
§ 1280 When Division Not Enforceable
§ 1281 Procedure For Division
§ 1282 Concurrence Or Objection Of Creditors Or Assignees
§ 1283 Indivisible Thing
§ 1284 Rights Of Third Persons
§ 1285 Rules Applicable To Division
Chapter 150 Horizontal Property
Subchapter I General Provisions
§ 1291l Use Of Elements Held In Common; Parking
§ 1291a Apartment, Definition
§ 1291b Effect Of Submission To Horizontal Property Regime
§ 1291c Effect Of Conveyance Or Encumbrance And Subrogation Of Rights--Apartment Planned And Not Begun
§ 1291d -- Apartment Under Construction
§ 1291e Number Of Co-Owners
§ 1291f Right Of Owner To His Apartment; Basis For Determining Share
§ 1291g Mortgage Credits Constituted Before Or After Submission To Regime; Consent Of Co-Owners
§ 1291h Foreclosure By Single Action After Distribution Of Mortgage Credits
§ 1291i General Common Elements Of The Property
§ 1291j Limited Common Elements Of The Property
§ 1291k Indivisibility Of Common Elements
§ 1291l Use Of Elements Held In Common; Parking
§ 1291m Rules Governing Use Of Apartments; Violation As Ground For Civil Action
§ 1291m-1 --Notice To Director Or Board Of Directors
§ 1291n Agreements Regarding Maintenance And Use Of Elements Held In Common
§ 1291o Payment For Urgent Repairs; Recovery From Other Co-Owners
§ 1291p Prohibition Of New Construction And Other Work Without Unanimous Consent
§ 1291q Right Of Redemption Upon Conveyance Of Indivisible Share
§ 1291r Distribution Of Common Profits
§ 1291s Majority Of Co-Owners And Council Of Co-Owners, Meaning Of Terms; Quorum
Subchapter II Public Deed Of Horizontal Property; Recordation
§ 1292 Contents Of Public Deed
§ 1292a Contents Of Deeds Of Individual Apartments
§ 1292b Copies Of Plans To Be Appended To, Or To Accompany, Deeds; Authentication
§ 1292c Manner Of Recordation--Generally
§ 1292d --Particular Details With Respect To Registering Building Under Principal Record
§ 1292e --Particular Details With Respect To Registering Apartments By Means Of Filial Entries
§ 1292f Declaration By Public Deed Upon Completion Of Structures; Recording
§ 1292g Conveyances Or Encumbrances
§ 1292h Succeeding Transactions; Entry Of Proportional Share In Common Elements As Unnecessary
§ 1292i New Floors, Acquisitions Of Adjacent Land, Cancellation Of Liens, And Cautionary Notices
§ 1292j Description Of Deed In Case Of Segregation Of Portions Of Common Land Conveyed Jointly; Recording
§ 1292j-1 Division Of Apartments; Consent Of Co-Owners
§ 1292k Recordation Of Real-Property Rights In Apartments Not Recorded As To Ownership Or Possession; Form Of Demand
§ 1292l Waiver Of Horizontal Property Regime--Conditions For Merger Of Filial Estate In Record
§ 1292m -- Merger As No Bar To Subsequent Constitution Of Property Into Horizontal Property
Subchapter III Administration And Insurance
§ 1293 Bylaws; Insertion Or Attachment To Deed; Certified Copies Filed In Registry
§ 1293-1 Initial Administration By Co-Owner Or Co-Owners, Powers And Duties
§ 1293a Necessary Contents Of Bylaws; Modifications Of System; Recording
§ 1293b Council Of Co-Owners--Powers And Duties
§ 1293b-1 --Meetings, Notice, Proceedings
§ 1293b-2 --Vote; Representation
§ 1293b-3 --Decisions Of Council, Rules; Quorum; Notice To Absentees
§ 1293b-4 --Director Or Board Of Directors; Powers And Duties
§ 1293b-5 --Secretary, Powers And Duties
§ 1293c Contributions For Payment Of Expenses Of Administration And Maintenance
§ 1293d Preference Of Credits Against Co-Owners For Shares In Expenses; Exceptions
§ 1293e Obligation Of Co-Owner For Common Expenses, Lien
§ 1293f Judicial Decisions; Challenge Of Decisions And Determinations Of Council, Term
§ 1293g Insuring Building Against Risk; Individual Rights Of Co-Owners
§ 1293h Application Of Insurance Indemnity To Reconstruction; Pro Rata Distribution In Certain Cases; Application Of Section 1283; Rules For Reconstruction
§ 1293i Sharing Of Reconstruction Costs When Building Not Insured Or Insurance Indemnity Is Insufficient; Modification Of Section By Unanimous Resolution
§ 1293j Mortgage Law And Regulations As Supplementary
§ 1293k Buildings Covered By Other Laws; Submission To Horizontal Property Regime
Subchapter IV Sale Of Apartments And Administrative Forum
§ 1294 Filing Of Actions Of Challenge
§ 1294a Powers Of Secretary Of Department Of Consumer Affairs
§ 1294b Petition For Registration Of Apartments, Fees
§ 1294c Adjudication Of Controversies; Administrative Fines; Judicial Review
§ 1294d Special Fund, Creation
Part IV Waters
Chapter 153 Ownership Of Waters
§ 1311 Waters Belonging To Public Domain
§ 1312 Waters Belonging To Private Dominion
Chapter 155 Use Of Public Waters
§@ 1331, 1332 Repealed. Act June 3, 1976, No. 136, P. 390, @ 25, Eff. June 3, 1976
§ 1332 Repealed. Act June 3, 1976, No. 136, P. 390, @ 25, Eff. June 3, 1976
§ 1333 Extinguishment Of Right
Chapter 157 Use Of Waters Of Private Ownership
§ 1351 Repealed. Act June 3, 1976, No. 136, P. 390, @ 25, Eff. June 3, 1976
§ 1352 Works Diverting Course Of Rain Waters
§§ 1353, 1354 Repealed. Act June 3, 1976, No. 136, P. 390, @ 25, Eff. June 3, 1976
§ 1353 Repealed. Act June 3, 1976, No. 136, P. 390, @ 25, Eff. June 3, 1976
§ 1355 Receptacles For Rain Water
Chapter 159 Subterranean Waters
§§ 1371-1373 Repealed. Act June 3, 1976, No. 136, P. 390, @ 25, Eff. June 3, 1976
Chapter 161 General Provisions
§ 1391 Defensive Works To Check Waters
§ 1392 Removal Of Obstructing Material
§ 1393 Payment Of Expenses
§ 1394 Eminent Domain
§ 1395 Repealed. Act June 3, 1976, No. 136, P. 390, § 25, Eff. June 3, 1976
§ 1396 Application Of Law Of Waters
Part IV-A Intellectual Property
Chapter 163 Intellectual Property
§ 1401 Exclusive Right
§ 1401a Moral Right
§ 1401b -- Protection
§ 1401c -- Extension
§ 1401d -- Creations By Public Employee
§ 1401e --Exception
§ 1401f --Remedies
§ 1401g -- Statute Of Limitations
§ 1401h --Actions
Chapter 165 Copyright Registry
§ 1402 Copyright Registry--Creation
§ 1402a --Registrar
§ 1402b -- Acquisition Of Equipment; Regulations; Fees
§ 1402c -- Contents Of Registry
§ 1402d -- Registered Materials
§ 1402e -- Copyright Stamp
§ 1402f -- Deposit Of Works
§ 1402g -- Denial Of Registration; Notification
§ 1402h -- Procedure
§ 1402i -- Penalties
§ 1402j -- Certification
§ 1402k -- Inspection And Copies
§ 1402l -- Advice
§ 1402m Interpretation With Other Laws
Part V Possession
Chapter 167 Possession And Kinds Thereof
§ 1421 Natural Possession And Civil Possession Defined
§ 1422 Exercise Of Possession
§ 1423 Aspects Of Possession
§ 1424 Bona Fide Possessor; Possessor In Bad Faith
§ 1425 Good Faith Presumed
§ 1426 Presumption Of Continuance Of Understanding By Which Acquired
§ 1427 Things And Rights Susceptible Of Possession
Chapter 169 Acquisition Of Possession
§ 1441 Mode Of Acquisition
§ 1442 By Whom Acquired
§ 1443 Transfer Of Possession Of Hereditary Property
§ 1444 Forceful Acquisition
§ 1445 Faulty Possession Of Testator
§ 1446 Minors And Incapacitated Persons
§ 1447 Clandestine And Tolerated Acts
§ 1448 Possession Not Recognized In Different Personalities Chapter 171 Effects Of Possession
§ 1461 Rights Of Possessor
§ 1462 Possession Necessary For Acquisition Of Ownership
§ 1463 Presumption Of Just Title
§ 1464 Furniture And Objects
§ 1465 Possession In Common
§ 1466 Ownership Of Fruits Collected
§ 1467 Fruits Ungathered When Good Faith Ceases
§ 1468 Refund Of Necessary And Useful Expenses
§ 1469 Expenses For Luxury Or Pleasure
§ 1470 Fruits And Expenses In Case Of Possessor In Bad Faith
§ 1471 Improvements Caused By Nature Or Time
§ 1472 Deterioration Or Loss
§ 1473 Improvements That Have Ceased To Exist
§ 1474 Continuation Of Possession Presumed
§ 1475 Loss Of Possession
§ 1476 Loss Of Possession Of Movable
§ 1477 Loss Of Possession Of Immovables
§ 1478 Effect Of Acts Relating To Possession
§ 1479 Possession Of Personal Property As Equivalent To Title
§ 1480 Animals
§ 1481 Recovery Of Possession Unlawfully Lost
Part VI Usufruct, Use, And Occupancy
Chapter 175 Usufruct
Subchapter I Usufruct Generally
§ 1501 Definition
§ 1502 How Created
§ 1503 Forms Of Usufruct
§ 1504 Rights And Obligations Of Usufructuary
Subchapter II Rights Of Usufructuary
§ 1511 Fruits; Treasures
§ 1512 Ungathered Fruits; Expenses
§ 1513 Rent Paid By Lessee
§ 1514 Civil Fruits
§ 1515 Right To Collect Rent, Allowance, Interest Or Dividends
§ 1516 Proceeds Of Mines And Quarries
§ 1517 Proceeds Of Mines In Legal Usufructs
§ 1518 Ownership Of Minerals
§ 1519 Right To Accession, Servitudes, And Benefits
§ 1520 Lease Or Alienation Of Usufruct
§ 1521 Liability For Deterioration
§ 1522 Use Of Consumable Property
§ 1523 Use Of Dead Trunks On Plantations
§ 1524 Trees Or Shrubs Destroyed By Storm, Etc.
§ 1525 Woodland; Nurseries
§ 1526 Usufructuary Of Action To Recover Property
§ 1527 Improvements
§ 1528 Damages Set Off With Improvements; Alienation Of Property Subject To Usufruct
§ 1529 Usufructuary Of Part Of Thing Held In Common
Subchapter III Obligations Of Usufructuary
§ 1541 Inventory And Security
§ 1542 Exemptions From Giving Security
§ 1543 Exemption From Inventory And Security
§ 1544 Procedure When Security Not Given
§ 1545 Delivery Of Movables Under Security By Oath
§ 1546 Right To Products After Giving Security
§ 1547 Care Of Property
§ 1548 Liability For Damages After Alienation Or Lease
§ 1549 Usufruct On Cattle
§ 1550 Ordinary Repairs
§ 1551 Extraordinary Repairs
§ 1552 Extraordinary Repairs Made By Owner; By Usufructuary
§ 1553 Works And Improvements By Owner
§ 1554 Charges And Taxes Payable By Usufructuary
§ 1555 Taxes Payable By Owner
§ 1556 Debts Of Owner
§ 1557 Credits Forming Part Of Usufruct; Investment Of Capital
§ 1558 Payment Of Legacy
§ 1559 Debts Of Mortgaged Tenement
§ 1560 Debts Of Inheritance
§ 1561 Acts Of Third Persons Prejudicial To Ownership
§ 1562 Suits With Regard To Usufruct
Subchapter IV Manner In Which Usufructs Extinguished
§ 1571 Extinguishment Of Usufruct
§ 1572 Partial Loss
§ 1573 Usufruct In Favor Of Town Or Corporation
§ 1574 Usufruct Granted Until Third Person Attains Certain Age
§ 1575 Destruction Of Building
§ 1576 Right To Insurance
§ 1577 Expropriation
§ 1578 Not Extinguished By Misuse
§ 1579 Usufruct In Favor Of Several Persons
§ 1580 Delivery To Owner
Chapter 177 Use And Habitation
§ 1591 Use Defined
§ 1592 Right Of Habitation Defined
§ 1593 Establishment Of Rights Of Use And Habitation
§ 1594 Distinction Between Use And Usufruct
§ 1595 Rights And Obligations Of Persons Having Rights Of Use Or Habitation
§ 1596 Lease Or Transfer Forbidden
§ 1597 Use Of Cattle
§ 1598 Payment Of Expenses
§ 1599 Right Of Use During Life Of Beneficiary
§ 1600 Marriage As Affecting Right Of Habitation
§ 1601 Right To Entertain Guests And Boarders
§ 1602 Care And Attention Required
§ 1603 Provisions Governing Usufruct Applicable
§ 1604 Extinction Of Rights
Part VII Servitudes
Chapter 181 Servitudes Generally
Subchapter I Kinds Of Servitudes
§ 1631 Servitude Defined; Dominant And Servient Tenements
§ 1632 Servitudes For Benefit Of Persons Or Community
§ 1633 Classes Of Servitudes--Personal; Real Or Predial
§ 1634 --Continuous; Discontinuous; Apparent; Not Apparent
§ 1635 -- Positive; Negative
§ 1636 Inseparable From Tenement
§ 1637 Servitudes Indivisible
§ 1638 Legal And Voluntary Servitudes
Subchapter II Manner Of Acquiring Servitudes
§ 1651 Acquisition By Title Or Prescription
§ 1652 Computation Of Time For Prescription
§ 1653 Servitudes Acquired Only By Title
§ 1654 Remedy For Want Of Title
§ 1655 Sign Of Servitude Established By Owner Of Both Tenements
§ 1656 Rights Of Use Inherent In Servitude
Subchapter III Rights And Obligations Of Owners Of Dominant And Servient Tenements
§ 1671 Works For Use And Preservation Of Servitude
§ 1672 -- Expenses
§ 1673 Impairment Of Use Of Servitude
Subchapter IV Extinguishment Of Servitudes
§ 1681 Manner Of Extinguishment
§ 1682 Prescription Of Form Of Use
§ 1683 Prescription Prevented By Use Of One Of Several Owners Chapter 183 Legal Servitudes
Subchapter I General Provisions
§ 1701 Object Of Legal Servitudes
§ 1702 Law Governing Servitudes For Public Utility
§ 1703 Law Governing Servitudes For Private Interest Subchapter II Servitudes Relating To Waters
§ 1711 Waters Which Naturally Descend From Higher Tenements
§ 1712 Banks Of Rivers
§ 1713 Abutment Of Dams
§ 1714 Drawing Of Water And Drinking Troughs For Animals
§ 1715 -- Right-Of-Way To Persons And Animals
§ 1716 Passage Of Water Through Intermediate Tenements
§ 1717 -- Proof And Indemnity Required
§ 1718 Servitude Of Aqueduct -- Property Not Subject To
§ 1719 -- Fencing Or Building On Servient Tenement
§ 1720 --Considered As Continuous And Apparent
§ 1721 Stop Locks Or Sluice Gates
§ 1722 Application Of Law Of Waters
Subchapter III Servitudes Of Right Of Way
§ 1731 Right Of Way To Reach Public Highway
§ 1732 Location
§ 1733 Width Of Servitude
§ 1734 When Granted Without Indemnity
§ 1735 Extinction Of Servitude
§ 1736 Transportation Of Materials; Scaffolding For Building
§ 1737 Passage Of Stock And Watering Troughs
Subchapter IV Servitude Of Party Walls And Fences
§ 1751 Law Governing
§ 1752 Presumption Of Servitude Of Party Walls And Fences
§ 1753 Exterior Signs Contrary To Servitude
§ 1754 Ditches And Drains Between Tenements
§ 1755 Cost Of Repairs And Construction
§ 1756 Demolition Of Building Supported By Party Wall
§ 1757 Construction Or Reconstruction Of Party Wall
§ 1758 Ownership Of Increased Height, Depth, Or Thickness
§ 1759 Use Of Party Wall
Subchapter V Servitude Of Light And View
§ 1771 Windows Or Openings -- In Party Wall
§ 1772 --In Other Walls
§ 1773 Windows And Balconies
§ 1774 -- Measurement Of Distances
§ 1775 Buildings Separated By Public Thoroughfare
§ 1776 Distance For Building When Right Acquired
Subchapter VI Drainage Of Buildings
§ 1791 Construction Of Roofs
§ 1792 Disposition Of Water Received
§ 1793 Servitude Of Drain
Subchapter VII Intermediate Distances And Works For Certain Constructions And Plantings
§ 1801 Building, Etc., Near Fortifications
§ 1802 Dangerous Or Noxious Constructions
§ 1803 Trees
§ 1804 Branches And Roots Of Trees
§ 1805 Party Trees
Chapter 185 Voluntary Servitudes
§ 1821 Establishment Of Voluntary Servitudes
§ 1822 Servitudes Not Injuring Usufruct
§ 1823 Consent Of Persons Having Direct And Beneficial Dominion
§ 1824 Servitude On Undivided Tenement
§ 1825 Rights And Obligations Under Servitude By Prescription
§ 1826 Cost Of Works For Use And Preservation Of Servitude
§ 1827 Pasturage In Common -- How Established
§ 1828 -- On Public Lands
§ 1829 -- Enclosure Of Property
§ 1830 Redemption Of Servitude Of Pasturage
§ 1831 Servitude For Use Of Woodland Products
Part VIII Homestead
Chapter 187 Right Of Homestead; Registration; Exemption From Execution, Etc.
§ 1851 Right Of Homestead
§ 1852 Exemption From Attachment, Judgment, Levy, Or Execution
§ 1853 Continuance Of Exemption After Death, Desertion, Or Divorce
§ 1854 Claim Of Homestead Upon Acquisition; Entry In Registry Of Property; Penalty For Illegal Registration
§ 1855 Claim Of Homestead Upon Sale Under Judgment Or Execution
§ 1856 Ordinary Action If No Claim Established Before Sale; Notice Of Sale
§ 1857 Exemption From Registration Fees
Part IX Registry Of Property
Chapter 191 Recording Of Ownership And Rights
§ 1871 Object Of Registry Of Property
§ 1872 Unrecorded Titles Not Prejudicial To Third Persons
§ 1873 Registry To Be Public
§ 1874 Application Of Mortgage Law
§ 1875 [Transferred.]
Subtitle 3 Different Ways Of Acquiring Ownership
Part I Generally
Chapter 197 List Of Ways Ownership May Be Acquired
§ 1931 How Acquired
Part II Occupancy
Chapter 201 Acquisition Of Ownership By Occupancy
§ 1951 Things Acquired By Occupancy
§ 1952 Right To Hunt And Fish
§ 1953 Swarms Of Bees; Tamed Animals
§ 1954 Pigeons, Rabbits, And Fish
§ 1955 Treasure Found On Another's Property
§ 1956 Finding Of Personal Property
§ 1957 --Reward For Finder
§ 1958 Flotsam, Jetsam, And Seashore Plants
Part III Gifts
Chapter 205 Nature Of Gifts
§ 1981 Gift Defined
§ 1982 Inter Vivos Or Causa Mortis
§ 1983 Kinds Of Gifts Inter Vivos
§ 1984 Onerous Gifts
§ 1985 Gifts Effective Upon Death Of Donor
§ 1986 Provisions Governing -- Gifts Inter Vivos
§ 1987 -- Onerous And Remunerative Gifts
§ 1988 Consummation Of Gift
Chapter 207 Persons Who Can Bestow Or Receive Gifts
§ 2001 Who Can Bestow Gifts
§ 2002 Who Can Accept Gifts
§ 2003 Acceptance By Persons Who Cannot Contract
§ 2004 Gifts To Persons Unborn
§ 2005 Gifts To Incapacitated Persons
§ 2006 Effect Begins After Acceptance
§ 2007 Acceptance Personally Or By Proxy
§ 2008 Acceptance On Behalf Of Others
§ 2009 Gift Of Personal Property
§ 2010 Gift Of Real Property
Chapter 209 Effects And Limitations Of Gifts
§ 2021 Property Which May Be Included In Gift
§ 2022 Future Property
§ 2023 Limitation To Property Which May Be Included In Will
§ 2024 Gift To Several Persons Jointly
§ 2025 Subrogation Of Donee To Rights And Actions Of Donor
§ 2026 Reservation Of Rights To Donor
§ 2027 Separation Of Ownership And Usufruct
§ 2028 Reversion In Favor Of Donor; Of Third Person
§ 2029 Gift Imposing Duty To Pay Debts
§ 2030 Liability Of Donee For Debts; Gift In Fraud Of Creditors
Chapter 211 Revocation And Reduction Of Gifts
§ 2041 Supervention Of Children
§ 2042 -- Return Of Things
§ 2043 -- Prescription Of Action Of Revocation And Restitution
§ 2044 Noncompliance With Conditions Imposed On Donee
§ 2045 Ingratitude
§ 2046 -- Validity Of Alienations And Mortgages
§ 2047 -- Rights Of Donor
§ 2048 Return Of Fruits
§ 2049 Action For Causes Of Ingratitude -- Renunciation And Prescription
§ 2050 -- Rights Of Heirs
§ 2051 Reduction Of Gifts
§ 2052 Who Can Demand Reduction
§ 2053 Reduction In Case Of Two Or More Gifts
Part IV Successions
Chapter 215 General Provisions
§ 2081 Succession Defined
§ 2082 -- Additional Meaning
§ 2083 What Included In Succession
§ 2084 Additional Meaning
§ 2085 Rights Transmitted From Moment Of Death
§ 2086 Succession As Testamentary Or Legal
§ 2087 Testamentary Succession Defined
§ 2088 Legitimate Or Legal Succession Defined
§ 2089 Irregular Succession
§ 2090 Inheritance Defined
§ 2091 Heir And Legatee Defined
§ 2092 How Heirs Succeed
Chapter 217 Wills
Subchapter I Capacity To Dispose By Will
§ 2111 Who May Make Wills
§ 2112 Disqualified Persons
§ 2113 Will Made Before Mental Alienation
§ 2114 Wills By Lunatics
§ 2115 Determination Of Capacity Of Testator
Subchapter II Wills Generally
§ 2121 Will Defined
§ 2122 How Testator May Dispose Of Property
§ 2123 Joint Wills Prohibited
§ 2124 Will As Personal Act
§ 2125 Distribution By Third Persons
§ 2126 Reference To Private Memoranda Or Papers
§ 2127 Duress, Deceit, Or Fraud
§ 2128 -- Preventing Execution Of Will
§ 2129 Construction Of Testamentary Provisions; Contest Of Will
Subchapter III Form Of Wills
§ 2141 Kinds Of Wills
§ 2142 Special Wills
§ 2143 Holographic Will
§ 2144 Open Will
§ 2145 Closed Will
§ 2146 Persons Disqualified As Witnesses
§ 2147 Heirs, Legatees, And Relatives As Witnesses
§ 2148 Declaration Of Disqualification Of Witness
§ 2149 Will In Foreign Language
§ 2150 Acquaintance Of Notary And Witnesses With Testator
§ 2151 Identification Of Testator
§ 2152 Will Void For Failure To Observe Formalities
Subchapter IV Holographic Wills
§ 2161 Execution Of Holographic Wills
§ 2162 Place Of Execution; Language
§ 2163 Protocolization
§ 2164 Presentation After Death
§ 2165 Procedure After Presentation And Proof Of Death
§ 2166 Citation Of Spouse And Relatives
§ 2167 Action After Proof Of Identity Of Will
Subchapter V Open Wills
§ 2181 Before Whom Executed
§ 2182 Manner Of Execution
§ 2183 When Testator Presents Testamentary Disposition In Writing
§ 2184 Deaf Testator
§ 2185 Blind Testator
§ 2186 Formalities To Be Without Interruption; Certificate Of Notary
§ 2187 Testator In Imminent Danger Of Death
§ 2188 Execution In Case Of Epidemic
§ 2189 When Written Will Not Indispensable
§ 2190 When Will Becomes Void
§ 2191 Wills Executed Without Authentication Of Notary
§ 2192 Liability Of Notary
Subchapter VI Closed Wills
§ 2201 Writing Of Closed Will
§ 2202 Formalities Of Execution
§ 2203 Blind Persons And Those Unable To Read
§ 2204 Execution By Deaf And Dumb
§ 2205 Delivery To Testator
§ 2206 Disposition Of Will
§ 2207 Presentation To Court After Death Of Testator
§ 2208 Liability For Failure To Present Will
§ 2209 Opening And Protocolization Of Will
§ 2210 Nullity For Failure To Observe Formalities; Liability Of Notary
Subchapter VII Will Made Outside Puerto Rico
§ 2221 Law Governing
§ 2222 Mutual Wills
Subchapter VIII Revocation And Inefficacy Of Wills
§ 2231 Revocation Of Wills
§ 2232 Formalities For Revocation
§ 2233 Revocation By Law By Subsequent Will
§ 2234 --Invalidity Of Second Will
§ 2235 Acknowledgment Of Illegitimate Child In Revoked Will
§ 2236 When Revocation Presumed
§ 2237 Wills Void Or Without Effect Only In Accordance With This Title
Chapter 219 Inheritances
Subchapter I Capacity To Succeed By Will Or In Absence Thereof
§ 2251 Who Can Succeed
§ 2252 Disqualified Persons
§ 2253 Public Institution
§ 2254 Bequests In Favor Of The Poor
§ 2255 Unidentified Persons
§ 2256 Relatives Of Testator
§ 2257 Bequests Made During Last Illness
§ 2258 Bequest Of Ward In Favor Of Guardian
§ 2259 Bequest In Favor Of Notary Or Witness
§ 2260 Bequest In Favor Of Incapacitated Person
§ 2261 Disqualification By Reason Of Unworthiness
§ 2262 Knowledge Or Condonation Of Unworthiness By Testator
§ 2263 Time Considered In Determining Qualifications
§ 2264 Death In Case Of Conditional Legacy
§ 2265 Return Of Hereditary Property Improperly Taken
§ 2266 Inheritance By Descendants Of Disqualified Person
§ 2267 Prescription Of Action For Declaration Of Incapacity Subchapter II Designation Of Heirship
§ 2281 Disposition Of Property Where There Are No Heirs; Heirs By Force Of Law
§ 2282 When Will Valid
§ 2283 Shares When Not Designated
§ 2284 Transmission Of Rights
§ 2285 Statement Of False Or Illegal Reason For Designation
§ 2286 When Heir Considered Legatee
§ 2287 Individual And Collective Designations
§ 2288 Designation Of Brothers Or Sisters
§ 2289 Designation Of Person And His Children
§ 2290 How Heirs Designated
§ 2291 Errors In Name Or Qualities; Impossibility Of Identification
Subchapter III Substitution
§ 2301 Simple Substitution
§ 2302 Substitutes For Descendants -- Under 14
§ 2303 -- Over 14, Of Unsound Mind
§ 2304 -- Heirs Of Substitute
§ 2305 Substitute Of Several Persons For One, And Vice Versa
§ 2306 Substitution Of Heirs In Unequal Portions
§ 2307 Obligations Of Substitute
§ 2308 Substitutions In Trust
§ 2309 --Effect On Legal Portion
§ 2310 -- Express Appointments Required; Duty Of Fiduciary
§ 2311 -- Right Of Cestui Que Trust
§ 2312 Disposition Without Effect
§ 2313 Nullity Of Substitution In Trust
§ 2314 Provision Leaving Property To One Person And Usufruct To Another
§ 2315 Investment Of Funds In Charitable Works
§ 2316 Provisions As To Heirs Applicable To Legatees Subchapter IV Designation Of Heirs And Legacies Conditionally Or For A Term
§ 2331 Conditional Testamentary Provisions
§ 2332 Rules Governing Conditions
§ 2333 Impossible Conditions And Those Contrary To Law, Etc.
§ 2334 Condition Not To Contract Marriage
§ 2335 Condition To Make Will In Favor Of Testator Or Another Person
§ 2336 Compulsory Condition
§ 2337 Casual Or Mixed Condition
§ 2338 Statement Of Object Of Designation Not A Condition
§ 2339 Action If Terms Of Testator Cannot Be Complied With
§ 2340 Conditions Precedent
§ 2341 Negative Condition, Security For Compliance
§ 2342 Administration Of Estate Until Condition Fulfilled
§ 2343 -- By Unconditional Heirs
§ 2344 -- By Conditional Heir, Presumptive Heir, Or Third Person
§ 2345 Rights And Obligations Of Administrator
§ 2346 Statement Of Time When Designation Begins Or Ceases Subchapter V Legal Portions
§ 2361 Legal Portion Defined
§ 2362 Forced Heirs Defined
§ 2363 Legal Portion Of Children And Descendants
§ 2364 Legal Portion Of Parents Or Ascendants
§ 2365 Division Between Parents Or Among Ascendants
§ 2366 Succession Of Ascendants To Things Given Their Descendants
§ 2367 Heir Cannot Be Deprived Of Legal Portion
§ 2368 Omission Of Lawful Heir; Omission Of Spouse
§ 2369 Right Of Heir To Demand Full Legal Portion
§ 2370 Renunciation Or Compromise Of Future Legal Portion
§ 2371 Testamentary Provisions Impairing Legal Portion
§ 2372 Determination Of Legal Portion
§ 2373 Gifts Considered Part Of Legal Portion
§ 2374 Manner Of Reducing Legacies
§ 2375 Estate Not Easily Divided; Legatee Entitled To Legal Portion
§ 2376 Rights Of Heirs And Legatees
Subchapter VI Advantages Or Extra Portions
§ 2391 Advantage Or Extra Portion Defined
§ 2392 Gifts Inter Vivos Not Considered Advantage Or Extra Portion
§ 2393 Promise In Marriage Agreement
§ 2394 Revocation Of Advantage Or Extra Portion
§ 2395 Bequest Or Legacy, How Considered
§ 2396 Advantage Or Extra Portion In Specified Thing
§ 2397 Authority Cannot Be Delegated
§ 2398 -- Exception As To Marriage Agreements
§ 2399 Payment When Not Granted In Specified Thing
§ 2400 Renunciation Of Inheritance To Accept Advantage Or Extra Portion
Subchapter VII Rights Of Surviving Spouse
§ 2411 Rights Of Spouse To Usufruct
§ 2412 Source Of Portion
§ 2413 When Testator Leaves Ascendants But No Descendants
§ 2414 Absence Of Ascendants And Descendants
§ 2415 Source Of Usufruct
§ 2416 Usufruct When There Are Children Of Two Or More Marriages
Subchapter VIII Rights Of Illegitimate Children
§ 2431 Rights Of Acknowledged Natural Children--When There Are Legitimate Children
§ 2432 --When There Are Legitimate Ascendants Only
§ 2433 --When There Are No Legitimate Descendants Or Ascendants
§ 2434 Transmission Of Rights Of Natural Children
§ 2435 Extension Of Rights To Natural Parents
§ 2436 Gifts To Natural Child
Subchapter IX Disinheritance
§ 2451 When Disinheritance Can Take Place
§ 2452 Only In Will
§ 2453 Proof Of Reason For Disinheritance
§ 2454 Effect Of Disinheritance Without Reason
§ 2455 Reasons For Disinheritance
§ 2456 -- Reasons For Disinheritance -- Children And Descendants
§ 2457 -- Parents And Ancestors
§ 2458 -- Spouse
§ 2459 Effect Of Reconciliation
Subchapter X Legacies And Bequests
§ 2471 Who May Be Charged With Legacies Or Bequests
§ 2472 Liability Of Heirs
§ 2473 Liability In Case Of Eviction
§ 2474 Legacy Of Another's Property
§ 2475 -- When Void
§ 2476 Legacy Of Things Not Marketable
§ 2477 Legacy Of Things Belonging To Legatee
§ 2478 Things Given As Security
§ 2479 Things Subject To Usufruct, Use, Or Habitation
§ 2480 When Legacy Ineffective
§ 2481 Legacy Of Credit Against Third Person Or Release Of Legatee's Debt
§ 2482 -- When Void; Pledge
§ 2483 Legacy Of Release Of Debts
§ 2484 Legacy To Creditor
§ 2485 Alternative Legacies
§ 2486 Legacy Of Generic Personal Property; Undetermined Real Estate
§ 2487 Option To Heir Or Legatee
§ 2488 Transmission Of Option To Heirs
§ 2489 Bequest Of Property Belonging To Legatee
§ 2490 Legacy For Education Or Support
§ 2491 Payment Of Periodical Pensions
§ 2492 Right Of Legatee--Pure And Simple Legacy
§ 2493 --Specific And Determined Thing
§ 2494 Delivery Of Thing Bequeathed
§ 2495 Bequest Of Generic Thing Or Quantity
§ 2496 Request For Delivery
§ 2497 Delivery By Heir; Cash Legacies; Expenses
§ 2498 Order Of Payment Of Legacies
§ 2499 Disposition Of Refused Or Invalid Legacy
§ 2500 Acceptance And Repudiation -- Parts Of Legacy
§ 2501 -- Different Legacies
§ 2502 Debts And Charges When Entire Estate Distributed In Legacies
Subchapter XI Executors
§ 2511 Number Of Executors
§ 2512 Qualifications
§ 2513 Universal Or Special; How Appointed
§ 2514 Executors Appointed Severally--Actions By
§ 2515 -- When One May Act
§ 2516 --Appointment Severally Presumed
§ 2517 Voluntary Office; Acceptance
§ 2518 Renunciation Of Office
§ 2519 Loss Of Legacy By Refusal To Accept Or Renunciation Without Cause
§ 2520 Powers Of Executors
§ 2521 Powers When Not Specially Determined By Testator
§ 2522 Sale Of Property To Pay Funeral Expenses And Legacies
§ 2523 Duration Of Executorship
§ 2524 -- Extension Of Term By Testator Or Court
§ 2525 -- Extension By Heirs And Legatees
§ 2526 Accounts Of Executors
§ 2527 Remuneration Of Executors
§ 2528 Delegation Of Executorship
§ 2529 Termination Of Executorship
§ 2530 Execution Of Will By Heirs
Chapter 221 Constitution Of Trusts (Fideicommissa)
§ 2541 Trusts Defined
§ 2542 How Constituted
§ 2543 Constitution Inter Vivos
§ 2544 Property Upon Which Constituted
§ 2545 Trust Upon Real Property; Recording
§ 2546 Classes
§ 2547 Purposes
§ 2548 Conditions In Trust, When Prescribed
§ 2549 Subsequent Trusts, When Void
§ 2550 When Rights Of Cestui Que Trust Or Constituent Pass To Heirs
§ 2551 Secret Trusts Prohibited
§ 2552 In Favor Of Nonexisting Person
§ 2553 Other Prohibited Trusts
§ 2554 Other Invalid Trusts
§ 2555 Term And Extinction In Certain Cases
§ 2556 Beginning Of Legal Existence; Acceptance; Irrevocability
§ 2557 Express Acceptance
§ 2558 Remuneration Of Trustee
§ 2559 Extinction Of Trust
§ 2560 Termination Of Legal Existence
§ 2561 Qualifications Of Constituent
§ 2562 Form, Purpose, And Conditions; Number Of Trustees And Cestuis Que Trust
§ 2563 Appointment Of Substitute -- For Trustee
§ 2564 -- For Cestui Que Trust
§ 2565 Summary Proceedings By Constituent
§ 2566 Qualifications, Number, And Joint Designation Of Trustees
§ 2567 Substitution Upon Incapacity, Removal, Or Death Of Trustee
§ 2568 Resignation
§ 2569 Liability Of Trustee
§ 2570 Application For Termination Upon Renunciation Or Death Of Cestui Que Trust
§ 2571 Bond Of Trustee
§ 2572 Rights And Actions Of Trustee
§ 2573 Disposal Of Trust Property
§ 2574 Removal Of Trustee
§ 2575 Disposal Of Property Upon Extinction Of Trust
§ 2576 Cestui Que Trust--Qualifications; Number
§ 2577 --Summary Proceedings By
§ 2578 Recording Of Trust Property
§ 2579 -- Deed Of Acceptance
§ 2580 -- Substitution Of Trustee
§ 2581 System Of Inheritance Not Affected
Chapter 223 Intestate Succession
Subchapter I General Provisions
§ 2591 When Legitimate Succession Takes Place
§ 2592 Disposition Of Inheritance In Absence Of Testamentary Heirs
§ 2593 Disqualifications In Intestate Succession
Subchapter II Relationship
§ 2601 Nearness Of Relationship; Degree
§ 2602 Direct And Collateral Lines
§ 2603 Descending And Ascending Lines
§ 2604 Computation Of Degrees
§ 2605 -- Application In All Matters
§ 2606 Whole Blood Relationship
§ 2607 Nearest Relative Excludes More Remote; Relatives In Same Degree
§ 2608 Disposition Of Portion Of Relative Unwilling Or Unable To Succeed
§ 2609 Disposition Of Inheritance Repudiated By Nearest Relative
Subchapter III Representation
§ 2621 Right Of Representation Defined
§ 2622 Right In Direct Descending Line; Collateral Line
§ 2623 Division Per Stirpes
§ 2624 Representation When Children Of Brothers Or Sisters Survive
§ 2625 Representation Not Lost By Renunciation Of Inheritance
§ 2626 Representation Of Living Person
Chapter 225 Order Of Succession According To Diversity Of Lines Subchapter I Descending Direct Line
§ 2641 To Whom Succession Pertains In First Place
§ 2642 Sex And Age; Children Of Different Marriages
§ 2643 Rights Of Children
§ 2644 Grandchildren And Other Descendants
§ 2645 Children And Descendants Of Deceased Children Subchapter II Ascending Direct Line
§ 2651 When Ancestors Succeed
§ 2652 Parents
§ 2653 Other Ancestors
§ 2654 Succession Of Ascendants To Things Given Their Descendants
Subchapter III Acknowledged Illegitimate Children
§ 2661 Rights Of Succession Of Recognized Natural Children Subchapter IV Succession Of Collaterals And Spouses
§ 2671 When Collaterals And Spouses Inherit
§ 2672 Brothers And Sisters Of Whole Blood
§ 2673 Brothers And Nephews Of Whole Blood
§ 2674 Brothers Of Whole Blood And Brothers Of Half Blood
§ 2675 Brothers Of Half Blood Only
§ 2676 Children Of Brothers Of Half Blood
§ 2677 Surviving Spouse
§ 2678 Other Collateral Relatives
§ 2679 Extent Of Right To Inherit Ab Intestato
Subchapter V Right Of Succession Of The Commonwealth
§ 2691 Right Of Succession By Commonwealth
§ 2692 Judicial Proceeding Required For Possession Of Escheated Inheritances
§ 2693 Transfer Of Property Of Commonwealth Acquired Ab Intestato To University And Land Authority
Chapter 227 Provisions Common To Inheritance By Or Without Will Subchapter I Precautions When Widow Remains Pregnant
§ 2711 Notice Of Pregnancy By Widow
§ 2712 Measures To Avoid Feigned Delivery Or Claim That Issue Born Alive
§ 2713 Notice Of Time Of Parturition; Establishment Of Delivery
§ 2714 Effect Of Omission Formalities On Legitimacy; Prescription Of Action
§ 2715 Notices When Husband Has Acknowledged Pregnancy
§ 2716 Right Of Pregnant Widow To Support
§ 2717 Administration Of Property Until Delivery Or Certainty There Will Be None
§ 2718 Division Of Inheritance Suspended; Payment Of Creditors
§ 2719 Account Of Administration
Subchapter II Property To Be Set Apart
§ 2731 Widower Or Widow Contracting Second Marriage
§ 2732 What Property Included
§ 2733 Termination Of Obligation
§ 2734 --If No Descendant Of First Marriage Survives
§ 2735 Advantages Or Extra Portions
§ 2736 Succession To Property To Be Set Apart
§ 2737 Alienations Of Real Property--Before Second Marriage
§ 2738 --After Second Marriage
§ 2739 Alienations Of Personal Property
§ 2740 Inventory, Recording, And Appraisal Of Property
§ 2741 Security By Mortgage
§ 2742 Third And Subsequent Marriages
§ 2743 Obligation To Set Apart In Case Of Subsequent Natural Child
Subchapter III Right Of Accretion
§ 2751 Portion Of Person Repudiating Inheritance
§ 2752 Requirements For Accretion In Testamentary Succession
§ 2753 Designation By Portion
§ 2754 Rights And Obligations Of Heirs To Whom Inheritance Accrues
§ 2755 Accretion Among Heirs By Force Of Law
§ 2756 Disposition Of Portion In Absence Of Accretion
§ 2757 Accretion Between Legatees And Usufructuaries Subchapter IV Acceptance And Repudiation Of Inheritance
§ 2771 Acceptance And Repudiation As Voluntary Acts
§ 2772 Retroactive Effects
§ 2773 Acceptance Or Repudiation Cannot Be Partial, Temporary, Or Conditional
§ 2774 Certainty Of Death And Rights Required
§ 2775 Persons Who May Accept Or Repudiate--Minors Or Incapacitated Persons; Poor
§ 2776 -- Associations, Corporations, And Institutions
§ 2777 -- Public Official Establishments
§ 2778 -- Deaf Mutes
§ 2779 Acceptance And Repudiation Irrevocable
§ 2780 How Inheritances Accepted
§ 2781 Pure And Simple Acceptances; Express Or Implied
§ 2782 When Inheritance Considered Accepted
§ 2783 Repudiation To Prejudice Of Creditors
§ 2784 Heirs Taking Or Concealing Property
§ 2785 Liability Of Heir For Charges
§ 2786 Action To Compel Acceptance Or Repudiation
§ 2787 --Period For Declaration Of Intention
§ 2788 Death Of Heir Without Accepting Or Repudiating
§ 2789 Acceptance Or Repudiation Where There Are Several Heirs
§ 2790 How Repudiation Made
§ 2791 Person Inheriting By Will And Ab Intestato
Subchapter V Benefit Of Inventory And Right To Deliberate
§ 2801 Acceptance Under Benefit Of Inventory And Right To Deliberate
§ 2802 How Made
§ 2803 When Heir Is Abroad
§ 2804 Inventory Required
§ 2805 Time For Requesting Benefit Of Inventory--Heir In Possession Of Property
§ 2806 --Heir Not In Possession
§ 2807 -- While Action To Claim Inheritance Does Not Prescribe
§ 2808 Time For Beginning And Completing Inventory
§ 2809 Failure To Begin Or Finish Inventory Through Fault Of Heir
§ 2810 Time For Deliberation After Inventory
§ 2811 Administration During Inventory
§ 2812 Claim Of Inheritance In Possession Of Another
§ 2813 When Inventory Benefits Substitutes And Intestate Heirs
§ 2814 Effect Of Benefit Of Inventory
§ 2815 Loss Of Benefit Of Inventory
§ 2816 Payment Of Legacies Pending Inventory And Deliberation
§ 2817 When Estate Under Administration; Powers Of Administrator
§ 2818 Payment Of Creditors Before Legacies
§ 2819 Order Of Payment Of Creditors
§ 2820 Creditors Appearing After Payment Of Legacies
§ 2821 Sale Of Hereditary Estate
§ 2822 Account Of Administration; Liability Of Administrator
§ 2823 Rights Of Heirs After Payment Of Debts And Legacies; Account Of Administrator Other Than Heir
§ 2824 Expenses Of Inventory, Administration, And Deliberation
§ 2825 Private Creditors Of Heir
Chapter 229 Collation And Division
Subchapter I Collation
§ 2841 Property Received During Life Of Deceased Subject To Collation
§ 2842 When Collation Does Not Take Place
§ 2843 Property Left By Will
§ 2844 Grandchildren Inheriting In Representation Of Parents
§ 2845 Gifts To Grandchildren
§ 2846 Gifts To Spouse Of Child
§ 2847 Expenses For Support, Education, Etc.
§ 2848 Expenses For Professional Or Artistic Career For Children
§ 2849 Amounts Paid By Father For Son's Debts, Etc.
§ 2850 Wedding Presents
§ 2851 Things Bestowed As Gifts Or Dowry
§ 2852 -- By One Or Both Spouses
§ 2853 Deduction Of Amount Received By Donee
§ 2854 Gifts Of Real Estate; Personal Property
§ 2855 Fruits Of And Interest On Property Subject To Collation
§ 2856 Division Not Stopped By Question As To Collation If Security Given
Subchapter II Division
§ 2871 When Division Permitted
§ 2872 Request For Division
§ 2873 Conditional Heirs; Provisional Division
§ 2874 Death Of Coheir
§ 2875 Division By Testator; Cash Payment Instead Of Division
§ 2876 Grant Of Power Of Division By Testator; Duties Of Trustee
§ 2877 Division By Heirs
§ 2878 Legal Proceedings If Heirs Disagree
§ 2879 Minors Subject To Parental Authority
§ 2880 Fairness Of Division
§ 2881 Disposition Of Indivisible Thing
§ 2882 Reciprocal Compensation Among Coheirs
§ 2883 Costs Of Division
§ 2884 Delivery Of Titles Of Acquisition Or Ownership
§ 2885 Title Including Several Estates Awarded To Several Coheirs
§ 2886 Subrogation To Place Of Purchaser
Subchapter III Effects Of Division
§ 2901 Ownership Of Property Conferred By Division
§ 2902 Surrender And Guarantee Among Coheirs
§ 2903 When Obligation Ceases
§ 2904 Proportional Obligation; Insolvency Of Coheir
§ 2905 Liability For Insolvency Of Debtor; Unrecoverable Credits
Subchapter IV Rescission Of Division
§ 2911 Causes For Rescission
§ 2912 By Reason Of Lesion
§ 2913 Injury To Legal Portion Of Heirs By Force Of Law
§ 2914 Prescription Of Action
§ 2915 Choice Between Indemnity And New Division
§ 2916 Alienation Of Property Preventing Rescissory Action
§ 2917 Omissions Of Objects Or Securities
§ 2918 Division Made With Preterition Of Heir
§ 2919 Division With Person Not An Heir
Subchapter V Payment Of Hereditary Debts
§ 2931 Opposition To Division Until Credits Paid Or Secured
§ 2932 Participation In Division By Creditors Of Coheirs
§ 2933 Demand For Payment Of Debts After Division
§ 2934 Right Of Heir Paying More Than His Share
§ 2935 Extinction Of Charge On Estates Of Inheritance
§ 2936 Rights Of Coheirs Who Are Creditors
Subtitle 4 Obligations And Contracts
Part I Obligations
Chapter 241 General Provisions
§ 2991 Obligation Consists Of What
§ 2992 How Created
§ 2993 Obligations Arising From Law Not Presumed; Demandable Obligations
§ 2994 Arising From Contracts
§ 2995 Civil Obligations Arising From Crimes Or Misdemeanors
§ 2996 Obligations Arising From Fault Or Negligence
Chapter 243 Nature And Effects Of Obligations
§ 3011 Preservation Of Thing Due
§ 3012 Rights Of Creditor To Fruits
§ 3013 Delivery Of Specified Or Generic Things; Liability Pending Delivery
§ 3014 Accessories Of Thing
§ 3015 Performance At Expense Of Person Obligated; Badly Done Thing Ordered Undone
§ 3016 Obligation Not To Do Something
§ 3017 Default; Demand Of Creditor
§ 3018 Fraud, Negligence, Or Delay In Fulfilling Obligation
§ 3019 Liability Arising From Fraud
§ 3020 Liability Arising From Negligence
§ 3021 What Constitutes Fault Or Negligence
§ 3022 Unforeseen Or Inevitable Events
§ 3023 Indemnity For Losses And Damages
§ 3024 Losses And Damages For Which Debtor Liable
§ 3025 Interest As Indemnity For Nonpayment Of Money
§ 3026 Legal Interest On Interest Due; Commercial Transactions
§ 3027 Receipt Extinguishes Obligation
§ 3028 Rights Of Creditors Attaching Property
§ 3029 Transmission Of Rights
Chapter 245 Different Kinds Of Obligations
Subchapter I Pure And Conditional Obligations
§ 3041 When Obligations Demandable
§ 3042 Rights In Conditional Obligations
§ 3043 Validity And Effect Of Conditional Obligation
§ 3044 Impossible, Immoral, And Illegal Conditions
§ 3045 Condition That Event Happen Within Fixed Period
§ 3046 Condition That Event Shall Not Happen
§ 3047 When Condition Considered Fulfilled
§ 3048 Retroactive Effect Of Fulfillment Of Condition
§ 3049 Actions Before Fulfillment Of Conditions
§ 3050 Rules If Conditions Established To Suspend Efficiency Of Obligation To Give
§ 3051 Conditions To Rescind Obligation To Give; Obligations Of Doing Or Not Doing
§ 3052 Right To Rescind Mutual Obligations
Subchapter II Obligations With Definite Periods
§ 3061 Fulfillment Fixed For Day Certain
§ 3062 Advance Payments
§ 3063 Benefit Of Period Fixed In Obligations
§ 3064 Duration Of Period Fixed By Courts
§ 3065 Loss Of Benefit Of Period By Debtor
§ 3066 Computation Of Days
Subchapter III Alternative Obligations
§ 3081 Full Compliance With One Alternative Required
§ 3082 When Option Pertains To Debtor; Impossible Or Illicit Prestations
§ 3083 When Election Effective
§ 3084 Loss Of Option
§ 3085 Indemnity When All Alternatives Become Impossible
§ 3086 Rules Governing Liability Of Debtor
Subchapter IV Several And Joint Obligations
§ 3101 Concurrence Of Two Or More Creditors Or Debtors; Joint Obligation
§ 3102 Division Of Credit Or Debt
§ 3103 Effect Of Indivisibility
§ 3104 When Solidarity May Exist
§ 3105 Acts Of Joint Creditors; Action Against Joint Debtors
§ 3106 Payment To Any One Of Joint Creditors
§ 3107 Novation, Compensation, Confusion, Or Remission Of Debt
§ 3108 Actions Against Joint Debtors
§ 3109 Payment By One Of Joint Debtors
§ 3110 Waiver Or Remission Of Part Affecting One Of Joint Debtors
§ 3111 Effect If Thing Perishes Or Prestation Becomes Impossible
§ 3112 Exceptions By Joint Debtor Against Claim Of Creditor Subchapter V Divisible And Indivisible Obligations
§ 3121 Effect Of Divisibility Or Indivisibility
§ 3122 Indivisible Several Obligation
§ 3123 Obligations Considered Indivisible
§ 3124 Obligations Of Doing; Of Not Doing
Subchapter VI Obligations With A Penal Clause
§ 3131 Effect Of Penal Clause; When Enforceable
§ 3132 Payment Of Penalty
§ 3133 Modification Of Penalty
§ 3134 Nullity Of Penal Clause; Of Principal Obligation Chapter 247 Extinction Of Obligations
Preliminary Subchapter. General Provisions
§ 3151 How Obligations Extinguished
Subchapter I Payment
§ 3161 When Debt Considered Paid
§ 3162 Who May Make Payment; Recovery From Debtor
§ 3163 Payment In Name Of Debtor Without His Knowledge
§ 3164 Payment By Person Without Free Disposal Of Thing Due; Liability Of Creditor
§ 3165 Acceptance Of Prestation Or Services Of Third Party
§ 3166 To Whom Payment Made
§ 3167 Payment To Incapacitated Person; To Third Person
§ 3168 Payment In Good Faith To Possessor Of Credit
§ 3169 Payment After Order To Retain Debt
§ 3170 Substitution Of Thing Or Prestation
§ 3171 Quality Of Unspecified Or Generic Thing
§ 3172 Expenses Of Payment
§ 3173 Partial Payment
§ 3174 Payment Of Debts Of Money
§ 3175 Place Of Payment
§ 3176 Application Of Payments -- Declaration Of Debtor
§ 3177 -- Interest Bearing Debt
§ 3178 -- Most Onerous Debt; Pro Rata
§ 3179 Payment By Assignment Of Property
§ 3180 Tender Of Payment And Consignation
§ 3181 -- Notice Of Consignation Required
§ 3182 -- How Consignation Made
§ 3183 -- Expenses Of Consignation
§ 3184 -- Cancellation Of Obligation; Withdrawal Of Consignation
§ 3185 -- Consent By Creditor To Withdrawal
Subchapter II Loss Of Thing Due
§ 3191 When Loss Extinguishes Obligation
§ 3192 Presumption Of Loss By Fault Of Debtor
§ 3193 Impossibility Of Prestation Releases Debtor
§ 3194 Debt Arising From Crime Or Misdemeanor
§ 3195 Actions By Creditor After Extinction Of Obligation By Loss
Subchapter III Remission Of Debts
§ 3201 Express Or Implied Remission; Provisions Governing
§ 3202 Surrender Of Private Instrument Proving Credit
§ 3203 -- Presumption From Possession By Debtor
§ 3204 Remission Of Principal Debt; Of Accessory Obligations
§ 3205 Accessory Obligation Of A Pledge
Subchapter IV Confusion Of Rights
§ 3211 Merger Of Creditor And Debtor In Same Person
§ 3212 When Confusion Benefits Sureties
§ 3213 Effect Of Confusion On Debts In Severalty
Subchapter V Compensation
§ 3221 When Compensation Takes Place
§ 3222 Requisites
§ 3223 Compensation In Favor Of Surety
§ 3224 Assignment Of Rights
§ 3225 Debts Payable In Different Places
§ 3226 Debts Arising From Deposits; Support
§ 3227 Order Of Compensation Among Several Debts
§ 3228 Effect Of Compensation
Subchapter VI Novation
§ 3241 Modification Of Obligations
§ 3242 Extinction Of One Obligation By Another
§ 3243 Novation Without Knowledge Of Original Debtor; Consent Of Creditor
§ 3244 Insolvency Of New Debtor
§ 3245 Effect Of Novation Upon Accessory Obligation
§ 3246 Nullity Of Original Obligation
§ 3247 Subrogation Of Third Person In Rights Of Creditor
§ 3248 When Subrogation Presumed
§ 3249 Subrogation By Debtor Without Consent Of Creditor
§ 3250 Subrogation Transfers Rights With Credit
§ 3251 Preference To Person Subrogated By Partial Payment Chapter 249 Proof Of Obligations
Preliminary Subchapter. General Provisions
§ 3261 Burden Of Proof Of Obligations And Their Extinction
§ 3262 Methods Of Proof
Subchapter I Public And Private Instruments
§ 3271 Public Instruments -- Definition
§ 3272 -- Instruments In Which Notary Public Takes Part
§ 3273 -- Evidence Of Public Instruments
§ 3274 -- Effect Against Third Parties
§ 3275 -- Copies Of Public Instruments
§ 3276 -- Evidence When Original, Protocol, And Record Have Disappeared
§ 3277 -- Weight Of Entry In Public Registry
§ 3278 -- Defective Instrument Considered Private Instrument
§ 3279 -- Instrument Acknowledging Agreement Or Contract
§ 3280 Private Instruments -- Force Of Private Instrument Legally Acknowledged
§ 3281 -- Admission Or Denial Of Signature
§ 3282 -- Date Of Private Instrument
§ 3283 -- Force Of Entries, Registries, And Private Papers
§ 3284 -- Notes On Instruments Written Or Signed By Creditor
§ 3285 -- Effect Of Private Instruments Changing Agreements In Public Instruments
Subchapter II Confession
§ 3291 How Confession Made
§ 3292 Confession Evidence Against Author
§ 3293 Partial Use Of Confession
§ 3294 When Confession Loses Effectiveness
§ 3295 Judicial Confession
§ 3296 Judicial Confession Under Decisory Oath
§ 3297 When Decisory Oath Not Demandable
§ 3298 Weight Of Confession Under Decisory Oath
§ 3299 Extrajudicial Confession
Subchapter III Personal Inspection By The Judge
§ 3311 Effectiveness Of Personal Inspection
§ 3312 Weight In Decision Of Another Judge
Subchapter IV Expert Evidence
§ 3321 Use Of Expert Evidence
§ 3322 Value And Form
Subchapter V Evidence Of Witnesses
§ 3331 Admissibility Of Evidence Of Witnesses
§ 3332 Qualifications Of Witnesses
§ 3333 Natural Incapacity
§ 3334 Probative Force Of Depositions Of Witnesses
Subchapter VI Presumptions
§ 3341 Admissibility Of Presumptions
§ 3342 Effect Of Presumptions Established By Law
§ 3343 Destruction Of Presumptions; Res Judicata
§ 3344 Presumptions Not Established By Law
Part II Contracts
Chapter 253 General Provisions
§ 3371 When Contract Exists
§ 3372 Permissible Clauses And Conditions
§ 3373 Validity And Fulfilment
§ 3374 Contracts Valid As To Parties And Heirs; Stipulation In Favor Of Third Person
§ 3375 How Contracts Perfected
§ 3376 Contract In Name Of Another
§ 3377 Oaths Not Admissible
Chapter 255 Requisites For Validity Of Contracts
Preliminary Subchapter. General Provisions
§ 3391 Requisites Of Contract
Subchapter I Consent
§ 3401 How Consent Shown; Acceptance By Letter
§ 3402 Who Cannot Give Consent
§ 3403 Modification Of Incapacity
§ 3404 When Consent Void
§ 3405 Error Invalidating Consent
§ 3406 Violence And Intimidation
§ 3407 Violence Or Intimidation By Third Person
§ 3408 Deceit
§ 3409 Effect Of Serious Or Incidental Deceit
Subchapter II Objects Of Contracts
§ 3421 What May Be Objects Of Contracts
§ 3422 Impossible Things Or Services
§ 3423 Object Must Be Determined Thing
Subchapter III Consideration Of Contracts
§ 3431 Sufficiency Of Consideration
§ 3432 Contracts Without Consideration; Illicit Consideration
§ 3433 Statement Of False Consideration
§ 3434 Presumption As To Consideration
Chapter 257 Effectiveness Of Contracts
§ 3451 When Contracts Binding
§ 3452 Compelling Execution Of Instrument
§ 3453 Contracts Which Must Appear In Public Instrument; Contracts Which Must Be In Writing
Chapter 259 Interpretation Of Contracts
§ 3471 Literal Sense To Be Observed; When Intention Prevails
§ 3472 Determination Of Intention
§ 3473 Construction Of Terms Of Contract
§ 3474 Stipulation With Different Meanings
§ 3475 Stipulations Interpreted In Relation To One Another
§ 3476 Words With Different Meanings
§ 3477 Uses Or Customs Of Country
§ 3478 Interpretation Against Party Causing Obscurity
§ 3479 Decision As To Doubts; When Doubts Void Contract Chapter 261 Rescission Of Contracts
§ 3491 When Contracts Can Be Rescinded
§ 3492 Contracts Subject To Rescission
§ 3493 Payments By Insolvent Debtor
§ 3494 Rescission Of Contracts For Lesion
§ 3495 Action For Rescission
§ 3496 Return Of Objects Of Contract; Possession By Third Persons; Indemnity
§ 3497 Contract In Representation Of Absentee With Judicial Authorization
§ 3498 Contracts Presumed In Fraud Of Creditors
§ 3499 Indemnity To Creditors By Person Acquiring In Bad Faith
§ 3500 Prescription Of Action For Rescission
Chapter 263 Nullity Of Contracts
§ 3511 When Contracts May Be Annulled
§ 3512 Prescription Of Action For Nullity
§ 3513 Who May Bring Action For Nullity
§ 3514 Restoration Of Objects Of Contract -- Generally
§ 3515 -- Incapacity Of Party
§ 3516 Restoriation Of Objects Of Contract -- Illegality Constituting Crime Or Misdemeanor
§ 3517 -- Illicit Consideration Not Crime Or Misdemeanor
§ 3518 Loss Of Thing Ordered Returned
§ 3519 Failure Of Party To Return Thing
§ 3520 Extinction Of Action For Nullity When Contract Confirmed
§ 3521 Contracts Which Can Be Confirmed
§ 3522 Express Or Implied Confirmation
§ 3523 When Consent Of Parties Not Required
§ 3524 Confirmation Purges Contract Of Defects
§ 3525 When Action For Nullity Extinguished By Loss Of Thing Part III Contracts Relating To Property By Reason Of Marriage Chapter 267 General Provisions
§ 3551 Contracts As To Conjugal Partnership; Absence Of Contract
§ 3552 Stipulations Forbidden
§ 3553 Void Stipulations
§ 3554 Marriage Contracts Of Minors
§ 3555 Changes In Marriage Contracts; Attendance Of Parties
§ 3556 Changes After Marriage Forbidden
§ 3557 Public Instrument Required; Exceptions
§ 3558 Modifications Affecting Third Persons
§ 3559 Marriage Contract By Incapacitated Person
§ 3560 Contract When Property Not Real Estate
§ 3561 Law Governing Marriage In Foreign Country With Foreigners
§ 3562 Nullity Of Contract If Marriage Does Not Take Place Chapter 269 Gifts By Reason Of Marriage
§ 3581 Gifts By Reason Of Marriage Defined
§ 3582 Provisions Governing
§ 3583 Bestowal And Receipt Of Gifts By Minors
§ 3584 Acceptance Not Required
§ 3585 Amount Of Gifts By Affianced Persons
§ 3586 Gifts Must Be Freed From Mortgages And Charges
§ 3587 Revocation Of Gifts By Reason Of Marriage
§ 3588 Nullity Of Gifts During Marriage
§ 3589 Gifts To Children Of Spouse
Chapter 271 Dowry
§ 3601 - 3607 Repealed. Act June 2, 1976, No. 106, P. 306, Eff. June 2, 1976.
Chapter 273 Conjugal Partnership
Subchapter I General Provisions
§ 3621 Conjugal Partnership; Ownership Of Earnings And Profits
§ 3622 Beginning Of Partnership
§ 3623 Renunciation
§ 3624 Rules Governing
Subchapter II Property Belonging To Each Spouse
§ 3631 Separate Property Of Each Spouse
§ 3632 Credit Or Pension For Life
Subchapter III Property Of Conjugal Partnership
§ 3641 Property Of Conjugal Partnership
§ 3642 Installments Of Sum Belonging To One Spouse
§ 3643 Usufruct Or Pension
§ 3644 Useful Expenses; Buildings
§ 3645 Cattle
§ 3646 Earnings From Gambling Or Other Causes Exempt From Restitution
§ 3647 Property Of Marriage Considered Partnership Property Subchapter IV Charges And Obligations Of Conjugal Partnership
§ 3661 Obligations Chargeable To Community Property
§ 3662 Gifts To Children For Establishment Or Profession
§ 3663 Debts Contracted Before Marriage; Fines
§ 3664 Amounts Lost In Games
Subchapter V Administration Of Conjugal Partnership
§ 3671 Repealed. Act May 21, 1976, No. 51, P. 134, @ 2, Eff. May 21, 1976.
§ 3672 Consent Of Both Spouses
§ 3673 Disposition By Will
Subchapter VI Dissolution Of Conjugal Partnership
§ 3681 When Partnership Terminates
Subchapter VII Liquidation Of Property Of Conjugal Partnership
§ 3691 Inventory Of Property
§ 3692 Property Included In Inventory; Collation
§ 3693 Conjugal Couch; Clothing
§ 3694 Capital Of Husband And Wife
§ 3695 Assets Of Conjugal Partnership
§ 3696 Payment Of Losses Or Deterioration
§ 3697 Division Of Remainder
§ 3698 Mourning Apparel Of Widow
§ 3699 Rules Governing Inventory, Appraisal, And Sale Of Property
§ 3700 Support Of Surviving Spouse And Children
§ 3701 Liquidation Of Partnership Property Of Two Or More Marriages Contracted By Same Person
Chapter 275 Separation Of Property Of Spouses
§ 3711 When Separation Of Property Takes Place
§ 3712 Grounds For Separation Of Property
§ 3713 Dissolution Of Conjugal Partnership; Mutual Support
§ 3714 Entry And Record Of Suit For Separation Of Property And Final Judgment
§ 3715 Prior Rights Of Creditors Not Prejudiced
§ 3716 Termination Of Separation
§ 3717 Repealed. Act May 21, 1976, No. 51, P. 134, @ 2, Eff. May 21, 1976.
Part IV Contracts Of Purchase And Sale
Chapter 279 Nature And Form Of Contract
§ 3741 Contract Of Purchase And Sale Defined
§ 3742 Nature Of Contract When Price Partly In Money; Barter
§ 3743 When Price Considered Fixed
§ 3744 Price Of Securities, Grains, Liquids, Etc.
§ 3745 One Party Cannot Determine Price
§ 3746 When Sale Perfected And Binding
§ 3747 Effect Of Promise To Sell Or Buy
§ 3748 Injury To Or Profit Of Thing Sold
§ 3749 Sales Subject To Approval Or Trial
§ 3750 Rescission Of Contract When Earnest Money Or Pledge Given
§ 3751 Expense Of Execution Of Instrument And Copies
§ 3752 Forcible Alienation For Public Utility
Chapter 281 Capacity To Purchase Or Sell
§ 3771 Who May Execute Contract
§ 3772 Mutual Sales Between Husband And Wife
§ 3773 Persons Who Cannot Acquire By Purchase
Chapter 283 Effects Of Contract Of Purchase And Sale When Thing Sold Has Been Lost
§ 3791 Loss Of Thing Sold; Partial Loss
Chapter 285 Obligations Of Vendor
Subchapter I General Provisions
§ 3801 Delivery And Warranty
Subchapter II Delivery Of Thing Sold
§ 3811 When Thing Considered Delivered; Execution Of Instrument
§ 3812 Delivery Of Personal Property
§ 3813 Delivery Of Incorporeal Things
§ 3814 Cost Of Delivery
§ 3815 Delivery Before Payment Of Price
§ 3816 Insolvency Of Vendee
§ 3817 Condition In Which Delivered; Fruits
§ 3818 Obligation To Deliver All That Is Stated In Contract; Real Property Of Less Area Or Different Character
§ 3819 Real Property Of Greater Area
§ 3820 Real Property Sold For Fixed Price; Two Or More Estates
§ 3821 Prescription Of Actions
§ 3822 Sale To Different Vendees
Subchapter III Warranty
§ 3831 Warranty Generally
§ 3832 Warranty In Case Of Eviction -- When Eviction Takes Place; Liability Of Vendor
§ 3833 -- Exemption Of Vendor From Liability Void
§ 3834 -- Renunciation Of Warranty By Vendee
§ 3835 -- Rights Of Vendee Upon Eviction
§ 3836 -- Rights Of Vendee Upon Partial Loss Through Eviction
§ 3837 -- Warranty Demandable Only After Final Judgment
§ 3838 -- Notice To Vendor Of Suit For Eviction
§ 3839 -- Time For Notice And Answer
§ 3840 -- Undisclosed Burden Or Easement
§ 3841 Warranty Against Hidden Defects Or Burdens -- Hidden And Patent Defects
§ 3842 -- Defects Unknown To Vendor
§ 3843 -- Option Between Rescission Or Reduction Of Price; Damages
§ 3844 -- Loss On Account Of Hidden Faults
§ 3845 -- Loss By Accident Or Fault Of Vendee
§ 3846 -- Liability For Losses And Damages In Judicial Sales
§ 3846a -- Bona Fide Purchaser
§ 3847 -- Prescription Of Actions
§ 3848 -- Redhibitory Vices When Animals Sold Together
§ 3849 -- Redhibitory Vices In Things Sold Together
§ 3850 -- Animals Sold At Auction, Etc.
§ 3851 -- Diseased Or Useless Animals
§ 3852 -- When Vice Of Animals Redhibitory; Liability Of Veterinarian
§ 3853 -- Time For Instituting Redhibitory Action
§ 3854 -- Death Of Animal Within Three Days
§ 3855 -- Return Of Animal Upon Rescission Of Sale
§ 3856 -- Option Of Vendee In Sale Of Animals With Redhibitory Vices
Chapter 287 Obligations Of Vendee
§ 3871 Time And Place Of Payment Of Price
§ 3872 Interest
§ 3873 Suspension Of Payment When Vendee Disturbed In Possession, Etc.
§ 3874 Right Of Vendor Who Fears Loss Of Real Property
§ 3875 Payment By Vendee After Time Agreed Upon
§ 3876 Rescission Of Sale Of Personal Property For Benefit Of Vendor
Chapter 289 Rescission Of Sale
Preliminary Subchapter. General Provisions
§ 3891 Causes For Rescission
Subchapter I Conventional Redemption
§ 3901 When Conventional Redemption Takes Place
§ 3902 Duration Of Right
§ 3903 When Vendee Acquires Ownership
§ 3904 Action Against Subsequent Possessors
§ 3905 Vendee Substitutes Vendor
§ 3906 Conventional Redemption By Creditors Of Vendor
§ 3907 When Vendee Can Oblige Vendor To Redeem Entire Estate If Part Only Subject To Resale
§ 3908 Sale Of Undivided Estate Under Condition Of Redemption
§ 3909 Vendee Not Forced To Partial Redemption
§ 3910 Redemption By Co-Owner Of Undivided Estate
§ 3911 Redemption From Heirs Of Vendee
§ 3912 Sums Payable By Vendor In Case Of Redemption; Price Set If Known; Bond
§ 3913 Disposition Of Fruits
§ 3914 Charges, Mortgages, And Lease Contracts
§ 3915 When Sale On Reversion Constitutes Loan Guaranteed By Mortgage
Subchapter II Legal Redemption
§ 3921 Legal Redemption Defined
§ 3922 Redemption By Co-Owner Of Thing Held In Common
§ 3923 Owners Of Adjacent Lands
§ 3924 Time For Exercise Of Right; Redemption Of Co-Owners Excludes Adjacent Owners
§ 3925 Application Of Other Provisions; Redemption Sought By Joint Owners
Chapter 291 Transmission Of Credits And Other Incorporeal Rights
§ 3941 Effect Of Assignment Of Credits, Etc., Against Third Person
§ 3942 Payment By Debtor Before Knowledge Of Assignment
§ 3942a Assignment Not To Prejudice Rights
§ 3943 Assignment Of Credit Includes Accessory Rights
§ 3944 Liability Of Vendor Of Credit
§ 3945 -- Duration Of Liability For Solvency Of Debtor
§ 3946 Proof Of Heirship In Sale Of Inheritance
§ 3947 Sale Of Rights, Etc., As A Whole
§ 3948 Payment For Fruits By Vendor
§ 3949 Vendee To Reimburse Vendor For Debts And Credits
§ 3950 Right Of Debtor To Extinguish Litigated Credit
§ 3951 -- Exceptions
Chapter 293 General Provisions
§ 3961 Application Of Mortgage Law
Part V Exchange
Chapter 297 Contracts Of Exchange
§ 3981 Exchange Defined
§ 3982 Right Of Party Proving Thing Not Property Of Person Giving It
§ 3983 Loss By Eviction Of Thing Received In Exchange
§ 3984 Other Provisions Governing Exchange
Part VI Contracts Of Lease
Chapter 301 General Provisions
§ 4011 Subjects Of Lease
§ 4012 Lease Of Things
§ 4013 Lease Of Works Or Services
§ 4014 Perishable Things Not Object Of Lease
Chapter 303 Leases Of Rural And Town Property
Subchapter I General Provisions
§ 4031 Lessor And Lessee Defined
§ 4032 Lack Of Evidence Of Price Agreed Upon
§ 4033 Duration Of Lease By Father, Guardian, Or Administrator
§ 4034 Unrecorded Lease Of Real Property Not Effective As To Third Persons
§ 4035 Right Of Lessee To Sublet
§ 4036 Obligations Of Subtenant -- Use And Preservation
§ 4037 -- Payment Of Price Of Sublease
§ 4038 Warranty; Reduction Upon Return Of Price
Subchapter II Rights And Obligations Of Lessor And Lessee
§ 4051 Obligations Of Lessor
§ 4052 Obligations Of Lessee
§ 4053 Rescission Of Contract; Indemnity
§ 4054 Change Of Form Of Thing Leased
§ 4055 Urgent Repairs
§ 4056 Notice By Lessee Of Usurpation, Injurious Alterations, And Necessity For Repairs
§ 4057 Trespass By Third Persons
§ 4058 Return Of Estate At Expiration Of Lease
§ 4059 Presumption Of Condition At Time Of Lease
§ 4060 Liability Of Lessee For Deterioration Or Loss
§ 4061 Impairment Caused By Members Of Lessee's Household
§ 4062 Expiration Of Lease Made For Specified Time
§ 4063 When New Lease Implied
§ 4064 Obligations Contracted By Third Persons In Case Of Implied Renewal
§ 4065 Loss Of Thing Leased; Noncompliance With Stipulations
§ 4066 Causes For Dispossession Of Lessee By Lessor
§ 4067 Periods To Which Lessee Entitled
§ 4068 Termination Of Lease By Purchaser
§ 4069 -- Purchase With Agreement Of Redemption
§ 4070 Rights Of Lessee As To Useful And Voluntary Improvements
§ 4071 Place And Time Of Payment Of Rent
Subchapter III Special Provisions For Leases Of Rural Property
§ 4081 Reduction Of Rent -- Sterility Of Land; Loss Of Fruits Through Fortuitous Events
§ 4082 -- Loss Of Fruits After Separation From Roots Or Trunks
§ 4083 Term Of Lease Of Rural Estate When Duration Not Fixed; Arable Lands
§ 4084 Rights Of Incoming And Outgoing Lessees
§ 4085 Leases For Partnerships Of Arable Land, Breeding Cattle, Etc.
Subchapter IV Special Provisions For Lease Of Town Property
§ 4091 Repairs Of Town Property
§ 4092 Duration Of Lease If Term Not Fixed
§ 4093 Lease Of Furniture
Chapter 305 Hiring Of Work And Services
Subchapter I Professional Services, And Services Of Paid Servants And Laborers
§ 4111 Period Of Contract For Services; Remuneration
§ 4112 Domestic Servant Leaving Or Dismissed Before Expiration Of Term
§ 4113 Special Laws And Regulations
§ 4114 Field Hands, Mechanics, Artisans, And Other Laborers
§ 4115 -- Dispossession Of Tools And Buildings
Subchapter II Works At Price Agreed Upon Or For Lump Sum
§ 4121 Contract For Work And Materials
§ 4122 Destruction Of Work Before Delivery
§ 4123 -- When Contractor Cannot Demand Payment
§ 4124 Liability Of Contractor And Architect For Collapse Of Building
§ 4125 Work By Piece Or Measure
§ 4126 Increase In Price Of Construction
§ 4127 Discontinuance Of Work By Owner
§ 4128 Death Of Contractor; Inability To Finish Work For Other Causes
§ 4129 Liability Of Contractor For Work Of Employees
§ 4130 Action Against Owner By Persons Furnishing Labor And Materials For Work By Contractor
§ 4131 Approval Of Work
§ 4132 Payment Upon Delivery
§ 4133 Retention Of Work As Pledge For Payment
Subchapter III Transportation By Land And Water Of Persons And Things
§ 4141 Obligations Of Carriers Of Goods As To Care And Preservation
§ 4142 Liability For Loss Or Damage
§ 4143 Special Laws And Regulations
Part VII Annuities (Censos) N1
Chapter 309 General Provisions
§ 4171 Annuity Defined
§ 4172 Emphyteutic Annuity
§ 4173 Transferable Or Consignative
§ 4174 Reservative Or Set Apart
§ 4175 Term Of Annuity; Redemption
§ 4176 Notice Of Redemption
§ 4177 Partial Redemption; Against Will Of Annuitant
§ 4178 Redemption Of Annuities Constituted Before Promulgation Of Civil Code Of 1889
§ 4179 Expenses Of Redemption
§ 4180 Determination Of Income Or Pension Of Annuities
§ 4181 When Pensions Payable
§ 4182 Place Of Payment
§ 4183 Annuitant Can Require Memorandum Of Payment
§ 4184 Conveyance Of Estates Charged With Annuities And Right To Receive Income
§ 4185 Division Of Estate
§ 4186 Award Of Estate To Several Heirs
§ 4187 Prescription Of Principal And Income
§ 4188 Presumption Of Payment
§ 4189 Taxes And Other Charges
§ 4190 Real And Personal Actions By Annuitant
§ 4191 Sterility Of Estate Or Loss Of Fruits
§ 4192 Extinction Of Annuity Upon Destruction Of Estate
§ 4193 Application Of Insurance To Payment Of Principal And Income
§ 4194 Taking Of Estate By Eminent Domain
Chapter 311 Emphyteutic Annuities
Subchapter I Provisions Referring To Emphyteusis
§ 4211 Establishment Of Emphyteutic Annuity
§ 4212 Value Of Estate And Income Must Be Fixed
§ 4213 Fixed Amount Or Aliquot Part Of Fruits
§ 4214 Provisions In Case Of Eminent Domain
§ 4215 Right To Products, Accessions, Treasure, And Mines
§ 4216 Disposition Of Emphyteutic Estate
§ 4217 Easements Or Charges Diminishing Fruits
§ 4218 Gift Or Exchange Of Estate
§ 4219 Mutual Rights Of Preemption And Redemption
§ 4220 Notice Of Intention To Alienate Estate
§ 4221 Right Of Redemption If Right Of Preemption Not Exercised
§ 4222 Time For Redemption After Alienation Without Notice
§ 4223 Preemption And Redemption In Judicial Sales
§ 4224 Alienation Of Several Estates Charged With Same Annuity
§ 4225 Right Of Redemption Of Owners Pro Indiviso
§ 4226 When Emphyteuticary Disturbed In Right May Claim Indemnity
§ 4227 Payment Of Laudemio To Legal Owner
§ 4228 Obligation To Pay Laudemio
§ 4229 Prescription Of Action For Laudemio
§ 4230 Acknowledgment Of Right Of Legal Owner
§ 4231 Forfeiture And Restitution Of Estate
§ 4232 Demand For Payment Prior To Forfeiture
§ 4233 Redemption After Forfeiture
§ 4234 Redemption Of Emphyteusis
§ 4235 Payments For Improvements Or Deterioration Upon Forfeiture Or Rescission
§ 4236 Reversion Of Estate To Legal Owner
§ 4237 Sub-Emphyteusis Invalid
Subchapter II Other Contracts Analogous To That Of Emphyteusis
§ 4251 Provisions Governing Analogous Charges
Chapter 313 Transferable Annuities (Censos Consignativos)
§ 4261 Determination Of Pension Payable In Fruits
§ 4262 Redemption Of Transferable Annuity
§ 4263 Right Of Annuitant When Estate Subject To Real Action
§ 4264 Other Cases In Which Value Of Estate Is Insufficient Chapter 315 Reservative Annuities
§ 4281 Appraisal Of Estate Required For Reservative Annuities
§ 4282 Redemption
§ 4283 Determination Of Pension Payable In Fruits
§ 4284 Redemption Or Abandonment By Debtor
Part VIII Partnership
Chapter 319 General Provisions
§ 4311 Partnership Defined
§ 4312 Objects And Interests; Profits On Dissolution Of Illicit Partnership
§ 4313 Establishment Of Civil Partnerships
§ 4314 Inventory Of Real Property Required For Articles Of Copartnership
§ 4315 Personality Of Partnerships Whose Articles Are Secret
§ 4316 Forms Of Civil Partnerships
§ 4317 General Or Particular Partnerships
§ 4318 Forms Of General Partnerships
§ 4319 General Partnerships Of Present Property
§ 4320 -- Property And Profits
§ 4321 General Partnerships Of Profits
§ 4322 Articles Of General Partnership Not Specifying Nature
§ 4323 Persons Disqualified To Contract General Partnership
§ 4324 Object Of Particular Partnership
Chapter 321 Obligations Of Partners
Subchapter I Obligations Of Partners Among Themselves
§ 4341 When Partnership Begins
§ 4342 Term Of Partnership
§ 4343 Partners Debtors For Contribution
§ 4344 Interest On Debt Of Partner
§ 4345 Indebtedness Of Partner Giving Services
§ 4346 Disposition Of Sums Collected From Debtor Of Partner And Of Partnership
§ 4347 Obligation Of Partner Receiving His Share Of Credit If Debtor Later Becomes Insolvent
§ 4348 Liability Of Partner For Losses And Damages
§ 4349 Risk Of Things Contributed To Partnership
§ 4350 Liability Of Partnership To Partners For Disbursements And Obligations
§ 4351 Losses And Profits -- Distribution; Shares Of Partners
§ 4352 -- Designation Of Shares By Third Person
§ 4353 -- Agreements Excluding Partner
§ 4354 Powers Of Managing Partner
§ 4355 Attributes When Two Or More Partners Entrusted With Management
§ 4356 Agreement Requiring Consent Of All Managing Partners
§ 4357 Rules In Absence Of Agreement As To Form Of Management
§ 4358 Right Of Partner To Associate Another Person In His Share
Subchapter II Obligations Of Partners With Regard To Third Persons
§ 4371 Liability Of Partnership For Acts Of A Partner
§ 4372 Partners Not Jointly Bound For Debts Of Partnership; Liability For Acts Of Partner In Own Name; Special Partnerships
§ 4373 Preference Of Creditors Of Partnership; Attachment Of Share By Creditors Of Partner
Chapter 323 Manner Of Dissolving Partnership
§ 4391 How Partnership Dissolved
§ 4392 Loss Of Specific Thing
§ 4393 Extension Of Duration Of Partnership
§ 4394 Extension Before And After Expiration Of Term
§ 4395 Continuation After Death Of Partner
§ 4396 Dissolution By Will Or Withdrawal Of Partner
§ 4397 Withdrawal In Bad Faith; Inopportune Time
§ 4398 When Dissolution Not Demandable
§ 4399 Rules Governing Distribution Among Partners
Part IX Agency
Chapter 327 Character, Form, And Kinds Of Agency
§ 4421 Agency Defined
§ 4422 Express Or Implied
§ 4423 Presumption Of Gratuitous Agency Or Of Obligation Of Compensation
§ 4424 General And Special Agency Defined
§ 4425 Agency Stated In General Terms; Express Commission; Power To Compromise
§ 4426 Scope Of Authority Cannot Be Exceeded
§ 4427 -- When Not Considered Exceeded
§ 4428 Emancipated Minor As Agent
§ 4429 Agent Acting In Own Name
Chapter 329 Obligations Of Agent
§ 4441 Obligation And Liability Upon Acceptance Of Agency; Death Of Principal
§ 4442 Instructions Of Principal To Be Observed
§ 4443 Accounts Of Transactions
§ 4444 Appointment Of Substitute; Liability For His Acts
§ 4445 Action Of Principal Against Substitute
§ 4446 Liability Of Two Or More Agents
§ 4447 Interest Payable By Agent
§ 4448 Personal Liability Of Agent
§ 4449 Liability For Fraud And Negligence
Chapter 331 Obligations Of Principal
§ 4461 Obligations Contracted By Agent
§ 4462 Advances To And Reimbursement Of Agent
§ 4463 Indemnity For Losses And Damages
§ 4464 Retention Of Things By Agent
§ 4465 Joint Liability Of Two Or More Principals
Chapter 333 Manner Of Terminating Agency
§ 4481 Termination Of Agency
§ 4482 Revocation By Principal
§ 4483 Effect Of Revocation On Third Persons
§ 4484 Appointment Of New Agent
§ 4485 Withdrawal Of Agent
§ 4486 Time Agent Must Continue As Such
§ 4487 Acts Of Agent After Death Of Principal Or Other Termination Of Agency
§ 4488 Action Of Heirs On Death Of Agent
Part X Loans
Chapter 337 General Provisions
§ 4511 Contract Of Loan Defined; Commodatum As Gratuitous; Loan As Gratuitous Or With Interest
Chapter 339 Commodatum
Subchapter I Nature Of Commodatum
§ 4521 Rights Of Bailor And Bailee
§ 4522 Transmission Of Obligations And Rights Arising From Commodatum
Subchapter II Obligations Of Bailee
§ 4531 Ordinary Expenses Of Use And Preservation
§ 4532 Loss Of Thing Loaned
§ 4533 -- When Delivered Under Appraisal
§ 4534 Bailee Not Liable For Wear And Tear Through Use
§ 4535 Retention Of Thing Loaned Forbidden
§ 4536 Joint Liability Of Bailees
Subchapter III Obligations Of Bailor
§ 4551 Demand For Restitution Of Thing Loaned
§ 4552 -- If Duration Of Commodatum Not Stipulated
§ 4553 Extraordinary Expenses For Preservation
§ 4554 Damages For Which Bailor Responsible
Chapter 341 Simple Loan
§ 4571 Nature Of Simple Loan
§ 4572 Obligation Of Person Taking Money, Perishable Things, Or Metal On Loan
§ 4573 Interest
§ 4574 Payment Of Interest Without Stipulation
§ 4575 Pawn Shops
Chapter 343 Fixing Legal Rate Of Interest
§ 4591 Interest Rate In Absence Of Agreement; Limit Of Rate Fixed By Agreement
§ 4592 Prior Contracts, Obligations, And Judgments
§ 4593 Licensed Pawnbrokers, Bottomry And Respondentia Bonds And Contracts
§ 4594 Receipt Of Money Or Goods At Excessive Rate Of Interest; Enforcement Of Contracts
§ 4595 Recovery Of Sums Paid Over Legal Rate Of Interest
§ 4596 Reimbursement Of Or Relinquishment Of Agreement For Illegal Interest
§ 4597 Calculation Of Months
§ 4598 Pleading Of Usury As Separate Defense
§ 4599 Interest Under Prior Contracts
Part XI Depositum
Chapter 347 Depositum Generally And Its Different Kinds
§ 4621 Constitution Of Depositum
§ 4622 Constitution Judicially Or Extrajudicially
Chapter 349 Depositum Properly Speaking
Subchapter I Nature And Essence Of Contract Of Depositum
§ 4641 Depositum As Gratuitous Contract
§ 4642 Object Must Be Personal Property
§ 4643 Kinds Of Extrajudicial Depositum
Subchapter II Voluntary Depositum
§ 4651 Voluntary Depositum Defined; By Whom Made
§ 4652 Acceptance Of Depositum Made By Incapacitated Person
§ 4653 Depositum By Qualified Person To Incapacitated Person Subchapter III Obligations To Bailee
§ 4661 Obligation To Keep And Return Thing
§ 4662 Permission Required For Use Of Thing
§ 4663 Effect Of Permission To Use Thing; Presumption And Proof
§ 4664 Delivery Of Thing Closed And Sealed; Determination Of Value
§ 4665 Proceeds, Accretions, And Interest
§ 4666 Proof Of Ownership; Stolen Thing
§ 4667 Rights Of Bailors When Not Joint And Thing Divisible; Joint Bailors Or Indivisible Thing
§ 4668 Loss Of Capacity To Contract By Bailor
§ 4669 Place For Return Of Thing
§ 4670 Return Upon Demand Of Bailor
§ 4671 Return By Bailee
§ 4672 Loss Of Thing Through Force Majeure And Receipt Of Another
§ 4673 Obligation Of Heir Of Bailee Selling Thing Bailed Subchapter IV Obligations Of Bailor
§ 4681 Reimbursement For Expenses And Indemnity For Injuries
§ 4682 Retention Of Thing By Bailee Until Payment
Subchapter V Necessary Depositum
§ 4691 When Depositum Necessary
§ 4692 Provisions Governing
§ 4693 Depositum Of Goods By Travelers In Inns; Liability Of Keepers
§ 4694 -- Extent Of Liability
Chapter 351 Sequestration
§ 4711 When Sequestration Takes Place
§ 4712 Property Subject To Sequestration
§ 4713 Release Of Bailee From Charge
§ 4714 Obligations Of Bailee
§ 4715 Provisions Governing Judicial Sequestration
Part XII Aleatory Contracts Or Those Depending On Chance Chapter 355 General Provisions
§ 4741 Aleatory Contract Defined
Chapter 359 Gambling And Betting
§ 4771 Rights Of Winner And Loser
§ 4772 -- Application To Betting; Prohibited Bets
§ 4773 Games Contributing To Exercise Of Body
§ 4774 Civil Liability In Game Or Bet Not Prohibited Chapter 361 Life Annuities
§ 4791 Nature Of Life Annuity
§ 4792 Persons Upon Whose Life And In Whose Favor Constituted
§ 4793 Annuity On Life Of Dead Or Dying Person
§ 4794 Default In Payment Of Pensions
§ 4795 Payment Pertaining To Year Of Death
§ 4796 Annuity May Be Exempted From Attachment For Debts
§ 4797 Proof Of Existence Of Person On Whose Life Constituted Part XIII Compromises And Arbitrations
Chapter 365 Compromises
§ 4821 Compromise Defined
§ 4822 Compromise By Guardian Or Parent As To Rights Of Ward Or Child
§ 4823 Corporations With Judicial Personality
§ 4824 Compromise Of Actions Arising From Crime
§ 4825 Civil Status, Matrimonial Questions, Or Future Support
§ 4826 Scope Of Compromise; Renunciation Of Rights
§ 4827 Compromise Has Authority Of Res Adjudicata
§ 4828 Error, Deceit, Violence, Or Forgery
§ 4829 Discovery Of New Documents
§ 4830 Compromise In Ignorance Of Final Judgment; Of Revocable Judgment
Chapter 367 Arbitrations
§ 4841 Persons Who May Submit To Arbitrations
§ 4842 Provisions Applicable; Procedure
Part XIV Security
Chapter 371 Nature And Extent Of Security
§ 4871 Security Defined
§ 4872 Types Of Security; In Whose Favor Constituted
§ 4873 Valid Obligation Required
§ 4874 Security As Guaranty For Future Debts
§ 4875 Obligation Of Surety Limited To That Of Principal Debtor
§ 4876 Security Not Presumed; Accessories Of Principal Obligation
§ 4877 Qualifications Of Surety; Jurisdiction Of Court
§ 4878 Insolvency Of Surety
Chapter 373 Effects Of Security
Subchapter I Effects Of Security Between Surety And Creditor
§ 4891 When Surety Required To Pay Creditor
§ 4892 When Application Of Debtor's Property Cannot Take Place
§ 4893 Demand For Levy Against Principal
§ 4894 Negligence Of Creditor In Making Levy
§ 4895 Citation Of Surety By Creditor
§ 4896 Compromises
§ 4897 Right Of Surety Of A Surety
§ 4898 Liability Of Several Sureties Of One Debtor
Subchapter II Effects Of Security Between Debtor And Surety
§ 4911 Indemnification Of Surety By Debtor
§ 4912 Subrogation; Compromise
§ 4913 Payment By Surety Without Notice To Debtor
§ 4914 Payment Before Debt Due
§ 4915 Payment By Debtor Without Knowledge Of Payment By Surety
§ 4916 Action By Surety Against Debtor Before Payment Subchapter III Effect Of Security Between Cosureties
§ 4931 Rights Of Surety Paying Debt Against Cosureties
§ 4932 Exceptions Of Cosureties
§ 4933 Liability Of Subsurety Upon Insolvency Of Surety Chapter 375 Extinguishment Of Security
§ 4951 Expiration Of Obligation Of Surety
§ 4952 Merger Of Debtor And Surety By Inheritance
§ 4953 Acceptance Of Property By Creditor
§ 4954 Liberation By Creditor Of One Surety Without Consent Of Others
§ 4955 Extension Granted To Debtor By Creditor
§ 4956 Act Of Creditor Preventing Subrogation
§ 4957 Exceptions Which Surety May Set Up Against Creditor Chapter 377 Legal And Judicial Security
§ 4971 Qualifications Of Legal Or Judicial Sureties
§ 4972 Pledge Or Mortgage In Lieu Of Security
§ 4973 Levy On Property Not Demandable
Part XV Contracts Of Pledge, Mortgage, And Antichresis Chapter 381 Provisions Common To Pledge And Mortgage
§ 5001 Requisites Of Contracts Of Pledge And Of Mortgage
§ 5002 Additional Requisite
§ 5003 Creditor Cannot Appropriate Or Dispose Of Things
§ 5004 Divisibility Of Pledge And Mortgage; Part Payment
§ 5005 Kinds Of Obligations Secured
§ 5006 Action On Promise To Constitute Pledge Or Mortgage Chapter 383 Pledge
§ 5021 Requisites Of Pledge
§ 5022 Property Which May Be Given In Pledge
§ 5023 Effect Of Pledge Against Third Person
§ 5024 Retention By Creditor Until Payment
§ 5025 Care Of Thing Pledged; Expenses; Loss Or Deterioration
§ 5026 Interest Produced By Thing Pledged
§ 5027 Ownership Of Thing Pledged
§ 5028 Use Of Thing By Creditor
§ 5029 Restitution Demandable Only Upon Payment
§ 5030 Alienation Of Pledge By Creditor; Auction
§ 5031 Institutions Loaning Money On Pledge
Chapter 385 Mortgage
§ 5041 Property Subject To Mortgage
§ 5042 Requisites Of Mortgage; Rights Of Person In Whose Favor Created
§ 5043 Effect Of Mortgage On Property
§ 5044 Scope Of Mortgage
§ 5045 Alienation Of Mortgage Credit
§ 5046 Liability Of Third Possessor Of Property Mortgaged
§ 5047 Application Of Mortgage Law
§ 5048 Agreement In Favor Of Mortgagee Void
Chapter 387 Antichresis
§ 5061 Antichresis Defined
§ 5062 Liability Of Creditor For Taxes, Charges, And Expenses
§ 5063 Enjoyment Of Real Property By Debtor
§ 5064 Ownership Not Acquired By Creditor
§ 5065 Interest May Be Set Off Against Fruits
§ 5066 Provisions Applicable